[1] WOZNIAK M A, CHEN C S. Mechanotransduction in development： a growing role for contractility. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 10, 34-43(2009).

[2] ZHONG J J, YANG Y X, LIAO L Q et al. Matrix stiffness⁃regulated cellular functions under different dimensionalities. Biomaterials Science, 8, 2734-2755(2020).

[3] WONG L, KUMAR A, GABELA⁃ZUNIGA B et al. Substrate stiffness directs diverging vascular fates. Acta Biomaterialia, 96, 321-329(2019).

[4] PUCKERT C, TOMASKOVIC⁃CROOK E, GAMBHIR S et al. Molecular interactions and forces of adhesion between single human neural stem cells and gelatin methacrylate hydrogels of varying stiffness. Acta Biomaterialia, 106, 156-169(2020).

[5] CHAUDHURI O, GU L, KLUMPERS D et al. Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. Nature Materials, 15, 326-334(2016).

[6] SALINAS C N, ANSETH K S. The enhancement of chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by enzymatically regulated RGD functionalities. Biomaterials, 29, 2370-2377(2008).

[7] MEDINA S H, BUSH B et al. Identification of a mechanogenetic link between substrate stiffness and chemotherapeutic response in breast cancer. Biomaterials, 202, 1-11(2019).

[8] KHANG A, GONZALEZ RODRIGUEZ A, SCHROEDER M E et al. Quantifying heart valve interstitial cell contractile state using highly tunable poly（ethylene glycol） hydrogels. Acta Biomaterialia, 96, 354-367(2019).

[9] BAKER B M, TRAPPMANN B, WANG W Y et al. Cell⁃mediated fibre recruitment drives extracellular matrix mechanosensing in engineered fibrillar microenvironments. Nature Materials, 14, 1262-1268(2015).

[10] CHALA N, ZHANG X Y, ZAMBELLI T et al. 4D Force detection of cell adhesion and contractility. Nano Letters, 23, 2467-2475(2023).

[11] POLACHECK W J, CHEN C S. Measuring cell⁃generated forces： a guide to the available tools. Nature Methods, 13, 415-423(2016).

[12] BAEK K Y, KIM S, KOH H R. Molecular tension probes to quantify cell⁃generated mechanical forces. Molecules and Cells, 45, 26-32(2022).

[13] STEINWACHS J, METZNER C, SKODZEK K et al. Three⁃dimensional force microscopy of cells in biopolymer networks. Nature Methods, 13, 171-176(2016).

[14] KLEIN S, STARING M, MURPHY K et al. Elastix： A toolbox for intensity⁃based medical image Registration. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 29, 196-205(2010).

[15] BARRASA⁃FANO J, SHAPETI A, JONG J D et al. Advanced in silico validation framework for three⁃dimensional traction force microscopy and application to an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Acta Biomaterialia, 126, 326-338(2021).

[16] SENGUPTA S, PARENT C A, BEAR J E. The principles of directed cell migration. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 22, 529-547(2021).

[17] WOZNIAK M A, CHEN C S. Mechanotransduction in development： a growing role for contractility. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 10, 34-43(2009).

[18] ZHONG J J, YANG Y X, LIAO L Q et al. Matrix stiffness⁃regulated cellular functions under different dimensionalities. Biomaterials Science, 8, 2734-2755(2020).

[19] WONG L, KUMAR A, GABELA⁃ZUNIGA B et al. Substrate stiffness directs diverging vascular fates. Acta Biomaterialia, 96, 321-329(2019).

[20] ZHONG J J, YANG Y X, LIAO L Q et al. Matrix stiffness⁃regulated cellular functions under different dimensionalities. Biomaterials Science, 8, 2734-2755(2020).

[21] CHAUDHURI O, GU L, KLUMPERS D et al. Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. Nature Materials, 15, 326-334(2016).

[22] SALINAS C N, ANSETH K S. The enhancement of chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by enzymatically regulated RGD functionalities. Biomaterials, 29, 2370-2377(2008).

[23] MEDINA S H, BUSH B et al. Identification of a mechanogenetic link between substrate stiffness and chemotherapeutic response in breast cancer. Biomaterials, 202, 1-11(2019).

[24] KHANG A, RODRIGUEZ A G, SCHROEDER M E et al. Quantifying heart valve interstitial cell contractile state using highly tunable poly（ethylene glycol） hydrogels. Acta Biomaterialia, 96, 354-367(2019).

[25] BAKER B M, TRAPPMANN B, WANG W Y et al. Cell⁃mediated fibre recruitment drives extracellular matrix mechanosensing in engineered fibrillar microenvironments. Nature Materials, 14, 262-1268(2015).

[26] CHALA N, ZHANG X Y, ZAMBELLI T et al. 4D force detection of cell adhesion and contractility. Nano Letter, 23, 2467-2475(2023).

[27] POLACHECK W J, CHEN C S. Measuring cell⁃generated forces： a guide to the available tools. Nature Methods, 13, 415-423(2016).

[28] BAEK K Y, KIM S, KOH H R. Molecular tension probes to quantify cell⁃generated mechanical forces. Molrcular Cells, 45, 26-32(2022).

[29] STEINWACHS J, METZNER C, SKODZEK K et al. Three⁃dimensional force microscopy of cells in biopolymer networks. Nature Methods, 13, 171-176(2016).

[30] JAVANMERDI Y, AGRAWAL A, MALANDRINO A et al. Endothelium and subendothelial matrix mechanics modulate cancer cell transendothelial migration. Advanced Science, 10(2023).

[31] KLEIN S, STARING M, MURPHY K et al. A toolbox for intensity⁃based medical image registration. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 29, 196-205(2010).

[32] BARRASA⁃FANO J, SHAPETI A, DE J J et al. Advanced in silico validation framework for three⁃dimensional traction force microscopy and application to an in vitro model of sprouting angiogenesis. Acta Biomaterialia, 126, 326-338(2021).