Fig. 1. Probe system assisted using optical microscope. (a) Principle diagram of nano-operating system assisted using optical microscope^[30]; (b) fiber probe prepared by melting and stretching fiber^[35]; (c)optical microscope of Au nanowire with diameter of 270--370 nm^[33]

Fig. 2. Nano-joints prepared with laser. (a)(b) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of T-shaped brazing joint prepared by using two perpendicularly crossed Ag nanowires^[32]; (c)(d) V-shaped nano-joint prepared by using two crossed Ag nanowires with scale of 1 μm^[32]; (e) Ag nanowires vertically crossed above ZnO nanowires, and Ag nanowires wrapped ZnO nanowires after laser irradiation ^[30]; (f) temperature distributions of Ag and ZnO nanowires simulated by COMSOL when 30 mW laser is focused at one end of Ag nanowires above ZnO^[30]; (g) morphology of ZnO nanowires connected with Au electrode after laser irradiation^[30]; (h) electrical characteristics of ZnO nanowires and Au electrodes before and after forming connection^[30]

Fig. 3. Probe system assisted by atomic force microscope^[37]. (a) Flow chart of AFM probe system connecting carbon nanotubes; (b) principle diagram for nanojoining two carbon nanotubes by using near-field enhancement effect excited at AFM probe tip by laser; (c) SEM image of AFM probe; AFM images (d) before and (e) after nanojoining of carbon nanotubes

Fig. 4. Probe system assisted by TEM^[41]. (a) Morphology of carbon nanotube connected with Pt electrode; (b) morphology of carbon nanotubes after cracking; (c) morphology of two end-contacted carbon nanotubes after cracking; (d) carbon nanotube-carbon nanotube joint prepared by using electron beam induced deposition method; (e)morphology of carbon nanotube after joint in Fig. 4 (d); (f) carbon nanotube joint performance tested by applying vertical axial pressure to carbon nanotubes with probe; (g) enlarged image of bending position of carbon nanotube in Fig. 4 (f); (h) morphology of carbon nanotube after removing probe

Fig. 5. One-dimensional nanomaterials assembled by dielectrophoresis method. (a) Principle diagram^[55]; (b) carbon nanotubes deposited onto Au electrodes by dielectrophoresis method^[55]; (c) 3D schematic of dielectrophoresis process during drop-casting of carbon nanotube solution over substrate with pre-patterned electrodes^[53]; (d) SEM images of dielectrophoresis experiments carried out with different V_rms and electrode geometries^[53]

Fig. 6. Self-assembly induced by femtosecond laser. (a) Principle diagram of femtosecond laser self-assembly and joining of Au nanorods^[56]; (b) end-to-end self-assembly of Au nanorods under 130 μJ/cm² femtosecond laser irradiation ^[56]; (c) Au nanorods fused and interconnected under 650 μJ/cm² femtosecond laser irradiation ^[56]; TEM images of Au nanorods (d) before and (e) after self-assembly^[56]; (f) extinction spectra of Au nanorod colloid versus time after adding 2.5 mL isopropanol to 0.50 mL Au nanorod dispersant^[57]

Fig. 7. Pose regulation of nanomaterials by single-beam optical tweezer^[61]. (a) GaN nanowires placed on top of SnO₂ nanowires by optical tweezer, and then GaN and SnO₂ nanowires connected by high intensity laser; (b) GaN and SnO₂ nanowires manipulated by optical tweezers to form three-dimensional nanostructure; (c) GaN nanowire with radius of 30 nm inserted into living cells by using optical tweezer

Fig. 8. Pose regulation of one-dimensional nanomaterials by holographic optical tweezer^[65]. (a) Dark-field optical microscopy of CdS nanowires operated by optical tweezer array;(b) principle diagram of CdS nanowires regulated by optical tweezer array; (c) CdS nanowires rotated by holographic optical tweezers; (d) CdS nanowires moved and two CdS nanowires connected by holographic optical tweezers to form T-shaped nano-joint

Fig. 9. Optical tweezer based pose regulation of metal nanowires. (a) Principle diagram of optical tweezer based trapping of germanium nanowires with bismuth nanospheres suspended in organic solvent^[68]; (b) optical micrograph of joined germanium nanowires in Fig. 9 (a)^[68]; (c) schematic of position and pose regulation by linearly polarized laser excited surface plasmonic tweezer^[70]; (d) successive images of trapping and assembly of two separated Au nanowires^[70]