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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 11, 1112006(2021)

Traceable Accuracy Measurement of Underwater Sound Velocity Based on Femtosecond Laser

Chao Liu, Bin Xue*, Xinyang Xu, Zhiwen Qian, and Yaming Wei
Author Affiliations
  • School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (12)
    Equations (13)
    References (20)
    Cited By (1)
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    Paper Information
    Topics
    Figures & Tables(12)
    Experimental schematic

    Fig. 1. Experimental schematic

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    Corresponding to the interference signals of M1 and M2 measuring arms

    Fig. 2. Corresponding to the interference signals of M1 and M2 measuring arms

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    Cross-correlation signal

    Fig. 3. Cross-correlation signal

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    Experimental setup diagram

    Fig. 4. Experimental setup diagram

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    Pulsed light interference envelope and continuous light interference fringes

    Fig. 5. Pulsed light interference envelope and continuous light interference fringes

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    Measured propagation distance

    Fig. 6. Measured propagation distance

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    Measured sound velocity at 22.05 ℃

    Fig. 7. Measured sound velocity at 22.05 ℃

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    Standard deviation of arithmetic mean of sound speed between measurement values and sound velocity sensor’ data at different temperatures

    Fig. 8. Standard deviation of arithmetic mean of sound speed between measurement values and sound velocity sensor’ data at different temperatures

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    Measured sound velocity at the salinity value of 27.25‰

    Fig. 9. Measured sound velocity at the salinity value of 27.25‰

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    Standard deviation of arithmetic mean of sound speed between measurement values and sound velocity sensor’ data at different salinity values

    Fig. 10. Standard deviation of arithmetic mean of sound speed between measurement values and sound velocity sensor’ data at different salinity values

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    • Table 1. Uncertainty for measurements of sound velocity

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      Table 1. Uncertainty for measurements of sound velocity

      Error sourceUncertainty
      Wavelength of continuous wave laser1.8×10-8
      Refractive index of air5.1×10-8
      Ciddor formula3×10-8
      Propagation time6.6×10-10
      Propagation distance9.8×10-7
      Rubidium atomic clock1×10-12

    • Table 2. Uncertainty for measurements of sound velocity due to experimental variability of the environment

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      Table 2. Uncertainty for measurements of sound velocity due to experimental variability of the environment

      Error sourceUncertainty
      Temperature1.3×10-8
      Pressure3.5×10-8
      Humidity1.6×10-8
      Salinity1×10-12
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    Chao Liu, Bin Xue, Xinyang Xu, Zhiwen Qian, Yaming Wei. Traceable Accuracy Measurement of Underwater Sound Velocity Based on Femtosecond Laser[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(11): 1112006

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    Paper Information

    Category: Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

    Received: Oct. 19, 2020

    Accepted: Dec. 8, 2020

    Published Online: Jun. 7, 2021

    The Author Email: Bin Xue (xuebin@tju.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP202158.1112006

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology