Fig. 1. Visual fields of patients with retinopathy and structure of retina. (a) Visual manifestations of normal retina and three common blinding retinal diseases; (b) multilayered structure of retina^[3]

Fig. 2. Expressions of function signals in human cone and mouse rod photoreceptors. (a) Optical stimulus-induced cone outer segment optical path length change and its projection on retina enface with stimulus pattern shown in lower left inset^[50]; (b) square-shape stimulus-induced cone outer segment optical path length change and (c) temporal measurement results^[50]; (d) dark-adapted mouse retina OCT image^[51]; (e) changes of retinal contour in mice within 2 min after light stimulation^[51]; (f) 3-5 times scattering enhancement in rod outer segments^[51]; (g) scattering changes of Bruch’s membrane and sclera^[51]; (h) ~2 μm position changes of external limiting membrane and inner/outer segment junction^[51]

Fig. 3. Nanoscale visual photophysiological measurements of individual cone cells in human eye by AO-OCT^[61]. (a) Detecting outer segment optical path length change (∆O_PL) of dark-adapted cone cell stimulated with visible flash using phase information by AO-OCT; (b) en face intensity image of cone mosaic; (c) responses of cone cells to 637 nm visible light stimulus; (d) classifying cone cells into three types according to intensity of ∆O_PL