Fig. 1. CD monitoring method based on iRadon transform with large angle intervals

Fig. 2. Principle of iRadon transform with large angle interval Δθ

Fig. 3. Time-frequency map after iRadon transform with an angle interval for 20°. (a) Value of CD is 1600 ps/nm; (b) value of CD is 3200 ps/nm; (c) value of CD is 4800 ps/nm; (d) value of CD is 6400 ps/nm

Fig. 4. Time-frequency map after iRadon transform with different angle intervals. (a) Value of CD is 9600 ps/nm; (b) value of CD is 16000 ps/nm; (c) value of CD is 20800 ps/nm

Fig. 5. Block diagram of simulation setup

Fig. 6. CNN network structure

Fig. 7. Comparison of dispersion monitoring performance

Fig. 8. MAE variation with iteration number in CNN

Fig. 9. CD monitoring errors for different OSNRs

Fig. 10. Cubic operation on time-frequency map of trained sequence and iRadon transform results at different OSNRs. (a) Cubic operation on time-frequency map of trained sequence; (b) iRadon transform

Fig. 11. CD monitoring errors for different input signal powers

Fig. 12. Performance of proposed CD monitoring scheme for different DGDs