Fig. 1. (a) Geometric structure; (b) unit structure; (c) periodic structure

Fig. 2. Equivalent circuit

Fig. 3. Simulation model of unit structure

Fig. 4. (a) Amplitude curve of S parameters; (b) phase curve of S parameters

Fig. 5. Parameters of unit structure. (a) Equivalent permeability; (b) equivalent permittivity; (c) index of refraction; (d) wave impendence

Fig. 6. Loss in left-handed materials

Fig. 7. Traditional microstrip antenna. (a) Schematic; (b) return loss; (c) gain; (d) HPBW

Fig. 8. Designed microstrip antenna. (a) Schematic; (b) return loss; (c) gain; (d) HPBW