Fig. 1. Layout of transmitting and receiving system for off-axis lidar

Fig. 2. Transmitting and receiving field of view of off-axis lidar. (a) r=r_b; (b) r_b<r< r_t; (c) r=r_t

Fig. 3. Scanning type lidar

Fig. 4. Influence of lidar parameters on overlap factors. (a) Divergence angle of laser beam; (b) field of view of receiver; (c) distance between optical axes; (d) angle between optical axes

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of scanning correction for near-field signals

Fig. 6. Flow chart of scanning correction for near-field signals

Fig. 7. Profile retrieval and correction analysis on June 23, 2022. (a) Distance profile of extinction coefficient; (b) height profile of extinction coefficient; (c) vertical profile of extinction coefficient; (d) overlap factors

Fig. 8. Profile retrieval and correction analysis on June 24, 2022. (a) Distance profile of extinction coefficient; (b) height profile of extinction coefficient; (c) vertical profile of extinction coefficient; (d) overlap factors

Fig. 9. Correction curves of overlap factors

Fig. 10. Comparison of observation data on February 25-26, 2022 without and with correction. (a) Without correction; (b) with correction