Fig. 1. Gain module and its simulation model of the direct liquid-cooled side-pumped Ti:Sapphire multi-disk laser. (a) Laser structure; (b) simulation model; (c) thin-disk structure

Fig. 2. Normalized pump absorption distribution in the active region of the disk

Fig. 3. Temperature distribution of the gain module. (a) 3D distribution; (b) section distribution; (c) distribution along the Z-axis direction

Fig. 4. Transverse temperature distribution of the thin-disk. (a) Cooling with deionized water; (b) cooling with siloxane solution

Fig. 5. Thermal analysis of Ti∶Sapphire thin-disks. (a) Stress; (b) deformation

Fig. 6. Thermal deformation of Ti∶Sapphire flakes along the light-passing direction (Z-axis)

Fig. 7. Thermal safety analysis. (a) Temperature; (b) stress

Fig. 8. Component analysis of the wavefront aberration under deionized water cooling

Fig. 9. Component analysis of the wavefront aberration under siloxane solution cooling

Fig. 10. Far-field aberrations. (a) No aberration; (b) total wavefront aberration; (c) solid wavefront aberration; (d) liquid wavefront aberration

Fig. 11. PV value of thermally induced wavefront aberration. (a) Total amount; (b) thermos-optical effect