Conceptual design of a lunar surface heat pipe molten salt reactor

名称Name	参数Parameter
热功率Thermal power / kW	400
电功率Electrical power / kW	100
寿期Lifetime / a	20
燃料盐成分 Fuel salt constituents	LiF-UF₄(77.5~22.5 mol%)
²³⁵U富集度 ²³⁵U enrichment / mol%	93
燃料富集度配置 Fuel lattice configuration	93%, 76%, 60%
堆芯高度 Core height / cm	64
堆芯直径Core diameter / cm	54.4
反应性控制 Reactivity control	控制鼓 Control drum
控制鼓材料 Control drum material	Al₂O₃, B₄C
控制鼓个数 Number of control drums	12
反射层厚度Radial reflector thickness / cm	9
反射层材料 Reflector composition	Al₂O₃
冷却方式Heat removal mechanism	钠热管 Sodium heatpipe
热管数量 Heat pipe array quantity	156
屏蔽材料 Shielding composition	LiH, B₄C
热管半径 HP outer radius / cm	1.2, 1.3, 1.4

Table 2. Thermal resistance calculation method

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Table 2. Thermal resistance calculation method

热阻Thermal resistance	计算方法Calculation method
蒸发段管壁径向热阻 Radial TR of the evaporator wall	$R_{e, w} = \frac{l n (r_{w} / r_{w k})}{2 π k_{w} L_{e}}$
蒸发段吸液心径向热阻 Radial TR of the evaporator wick	$R_{e, w k} = \frac{l n (r_{w k} / r_{v})}{2 π k_{w k} L_{e}}$
蒸发段汽液界面热阻 Radial TR of the evaporator convection interface	$R_{e, i n t} = \frac{1}{(\frac{2 α}{2 - α}) (\frac{h_{f g}^{2}}{T_{v} v_{f g}}) \sqrt[]{\frac{1}{2 π R_{g} T_{v}}} (1 - \frac{P_{e, v} v_{f g}}{2 h_{f g}}) A_{e}}$
绝热段管壁轴向热阻 Axial TR of the adiabatic wall	$R_{a, w} = \frac{L_{a}}{π k_{w} (r_{w}^{2} - r_{w k}^{2})}$
绝热段吸液心轴向热阻 Axial TR of the adiabatic wick	$R_{a, w k} = \frac{L_{a}}{π k_{w k} (r_{w k}^{2} - r_{v}^{2})}$
绝热段蒸汽轴向热阻 Axial TR of the adiabatic vapor	$R_{v} = \frac{8 R_{g} μ_{v} T_{v}^{2}}{π h_{f g}^{2} P_{v} ρ_{v}} [\frac{(L_{c} + L_{e}) / 2 + L_{a}}{r_{w k}^{4}}]$
冷凝段管壁热阻 Radial TR of the condenser wall	$R_{c, w} = \frac{l n (r_{w} / r_{w k})}{2 π k_{w} L_{c}}$
冷凝段吸液心径向热阻 Radial TR of the condenser wick	$R_{c, w k} = \frac{l n (r_{w k} / r_{v})}{2 π k_{w k} L_{c}}$
冷凝段汽液界面热阻 Radial TR of the condenser convection interface	$R_{c, i n t} = \frac{1}{(\frac{2 α}{2 - α}) (\frac{h_{f g}^{2}}{T_{v} v_{f g}}) \sqrt[]{\frac{1}{2 π R_{g} T_{v}}} (1 - \frac{P_{c, v} v_{f g}}{2 h_{f g}}) A_{c}}$

Table 3. Fuel and fission products after 20 a of operation

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Table 3. Fuel and fission products after 20 a of operation

核素Nuclide	质量Weight / g
²³⁴U	5.041
²³⁵U	5.317×10⁵
²³⁶U	2.373×10³
²³⁸U	4.068×10⁴
²³⁷Np	6.126
²³⁹Np	4.146×10^-2
²³⁸Pu	2.521×10^-2
²³⁹Pu	1.143×10²
²⁴⁰Pu	2.454×10^-1
²⁴¹Pu	4.257×10^-4
²⁴²Pu	4.916×10^-7
³H	6.995×10^-3
¹³⁸Ba	3.318×10²
⁸¹Br	5.996
¹⁴²Ce	2.924×10²
¹⁴⁴Ce	1.205×10
¹³³Cs	3.175×10²
¹³⁵Cs	3.151×10²
¹²⁹I	2.796×10
¹³¹I	1.661×10^-1
⁸⁴Kr	2.982×10
⁸⁶Kr	6.085×10
¹³⁹La	3.169×10²
¹⁰⁰Mo	2.242×10²
⁹⁵Nb	1.162
¹⁴³Nd	2.999×10²
¹⁴⁷Pm	1.686×10
⁸⁷Rb	8.048×10
¹⁰³Rh	1.124×10²
¹⁰¹Ru	1.857×10²
¹⁴⁹Sm	5.639×10
¹³¹Xe	1.376×10²
⁸⁹Y	1.465×10²

Table 4. Radiation dose rate at 1 000 m distance for varied shield thickness configuration

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Table 4. Radiation dose rate at 1 000 m distance for varied shield thickness configuration

屏蔽情况Radiation shield	1 000 m处剂量水平Dose level at 1 000 m / mSv·a^-1
10 cm LiH 20 cm W 10 cm LiH 5 cm B₄C	28.1
9 cm LiH 19 cm W 10 cm LiH 5 cm B₄C	77.5
10 cm LiH 19 cm W 10 cm LiH 5 cm B₄C	40.8

Table 5. Core geometry parameters

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Table 5. Core geometry parameters

内容Cotent	参数Parameters
堆芯热功率Thermal power / kWe	400
活性区高度Height / mm	640
活性区对边距 Active zone opposite side distance / mm	544
堆芯总高度Core height / mm	1 140
堆芯直径Core diameter / mm	890
热管中心距Heat pipe center distance / mm	41.9
热管数量Number of heat pipes	156
热管半径Heat pipe radius / mm	1.2, 1.3, 1.4
热管长度Heat pipe length / mm	640

Table 6. Material properties

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Table 6. Material properties

材料 Material	密度 Density / kg·m^-3	比热容Specific heat capacity / J·kg^-1·K^-1	热导率Thermal conductivity / W·m^-1·K^-1	黏度 Viscosity / Pa·s
氧化铝Al₂O₃	3 950	1 130	30	-
碳化硅SiC	3 225	1 100	270	-
石墨Graphite	2 250	1 940	120~200	-
氢化锂LiH	830	3 300	3.5	-
燃料熔盐 Fuel molten salt	6 105-1.272·T (K)	1 000	1.1	0.000 076 96·exp(4 976/T (K))

Table 7. Heat pipe operating limits

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Table 7. Heat pipe operating limits

位置

Position

黏性极限

Viscous limit / W

声速极限

Sonic limit / W

携带极限

Entrainment limit / W

沸腾极限

Boiling limit / W

毛细极限

Capillary limit / W

热管传热功率

Heat pipe thermal power / W

内层

Inner zone

40 806

30 060

6 561

978 121

4 160

3 366

中区

Middle zone

28 706

25 212

5 503

897 460

3 795

3 208

外层

Outer zone

19 520

20 791

4 538

816 798

3 425

2 750

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Kun LIU, Ming LIN, Rui LI, Xiandi ZUO, Maosong CHENG, Zhimin DAI. Conceptual design of a lunar surface heat pipe molten salt reactor[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2025, 48(6): 060014

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Paper Information

Category: Special Topics of Academic Papers at The 27th Annual Meeting of the China Association for Science and Technology

Received: Mar. 1, 2025

Accepted: --

Published Online: Jul. 25, 2025

The Author Email: Zhimin DAI (戴志敏)

DOI:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2025.hjs.48.250090

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology