Fig. 1. Experimental setup. F1, F2, and F3, lens; HWP, half-wave plate; P1 and P2, polarizer; BE, beam expander; M, mirror; BS, beam splitter; S, scattering medium; and Obj, objective lens.

Fig. 2. Focusing result with ITM. (a) Speckle pattern before optimization. (b) Experimental result and target output light field of single focus. (c) Experimental result and target output light field of multiple foci. (d) PBR with different number of control segments in theory, simulation, and experiment. (e) Comparison of TM and ITM in terms of PBR. (f) Comparison of TM and ITM in terms of focus intensity.

Fig. 3. Particle manipulation with single particle along a straight line.

Fig. 4. Particle manipulation. (a)–(e) Single focus with a square path. (f)–(j) Double foci with a circle path.

Fig. 5. Moving focus with ITM and memory effect. (a) and (b) Uniformity of PBR focused by ITM (64×64 output modes) at different output modes selected with, respectively, intervals of 10 pixels and without intervals. (c) Mean value and variance of the focus PBR with ITM. (d) Moving focus with memory effect. The dashed circles and arrows indicate the vertical axes corresponding to the curves.