Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the transport setup from MOT to the optical cavity mode. The 1064 nm ODT and 780 nm repumping laser beams are combined with a dichroic mirror and focused through an achromatic lens. The atoms are trapped in the 850 nm optical lattice, and the 780 nm probe laser is along the optical cavity axis, shown in the upper right. The 850 nm and 780 nm lasers are coupled into the optical cavity mode from the HT cavity mirror. HT, high-transmission cavity mirror; LT, low-transmission cavity mirror; (b) Experimental time sequence; T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄ are different values in followed transport strategies. The ω_c is the optical cavity resonant frequency, and the ω_scan is the scanning width of the 780 nm probe frequency.

Fig. 2. (a) Transport process of the atoms from MOT to the optical cavity. (b) The atoms’ velocity profile is the active acceleration-deceleration strategy.

Fig. 3. (a) Image of the 1064 nm ODT at MOT. The yellow ring is the location of the MOT. (b) Image of the 1064 nm ODT at the position of optical cavity; the A rectangular box represents atomic fluorescence in the optical cavity.

Fig. 4. Measurement of vacuum Rabi splitting. (a) Reflection spectrum of the atom–cavity system. Scatter is the experimental data. The black line is the Lorentz fitting of the cavity reflection spectrum and the red line is the vacuum Rabi splitting fitting. (b) Transmission spectrum of the atom–cavity system; the column is the experimental data. (c) The optimized reflection spectrum of the optimization with PGC in different 850 nm laser powers.

Fig. 5. (a) Optimized reflection spectrum with PGC and adiabatic loading. (b) Optimized transmission spectrum in which the VRS is visible.

Fig. 6. Frequency shift of atoms in the |F = 2〉 level, which is pumped by the 780 nm cooling laser.