Fig. 1. Experimental setup for laser-sustained plasma

Fig. 2. Temporal instability of laser-sustained plasma. (a) Time sequence diagram of plasma radiation; (b) plasma radiation frequency spectrum obtained by Fourier transform; (c) measurement results of plasma shadowgraph at different moments

Fig. 3. Experimental setup for orthogonal laser-sustained plasma

Fig. 4. Single LSP and orthogonal LSP at different laser powers. (a) Plasma size; (b) plasma electron temperature with plasma spectrum shown in inset

Fig. 5. Convective plume pulsation frequencies of plasmas at different laser powers. (a) Single LSP; (b) orthogonal LSP

Fig. 6. Convective plume pulsation frequencies and convective plume sizes of plasmas at different laser powers. (a) Single LSP; (b) orthogonal LSP