Thulium-doped fiber lasers is widely applied in laser medical, eye-safe radar, nonmetal material processing, and electro-optical countermeasure system, which has an irreplaceable role compared to other wavelength fiber lasers. Here, the progress on high power ultra-short pulse thulium-doped fiber lasers of our group is mainly introduced, which includes the controlling of pulse width and spectrum shape of mode-locked thulium-doped fiber oscillator by using fiber Bragg grating. High repetition and high stability picosecond pulsed laser output at waveband of 2 μm is realized. Using the picosecond fiber oscillator as a seed source, we demonstrate a picosecond thulium-doped fiber amplifier with hectowatt all-fiber structure. The maximum average output power of final step power amplifier is 120.4 W, corresponding to the pulse duration of 16 ps. In addition, we also design and build an all-fiber, all-polarization-maintaining structure, and picosecond thulium-doped fiber amplifier system. The linear polarization picosecond pulsed laser output with average power of 240 W is realized. The polarization extinction ratio is greater than 15 dB, and the pulse duration is 45 ps.