Optimization and Calculation of Acceptable Color Difference for Printed Samples

Fig. 4. Distributions of unacceptable color difference probability P and computed color difference. (a) Gray-CIELAB color difference; (b) gray-CIEDE2000 color difference; (c) blue-CIELAB color difference; (d) blue-CIEDE2000 color difference

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Fig. 5. Distributions of scattering dots of unacceptable color difference probability P, CIELAB color difference, CIEDE2000 color difference, ΔL^*, $Δ C_{a b}^{*}$ , $Δ H_{a b}^{*}$ , ΔL₀₀, ΔC₀₀, and ΔH₀₀. (a) CIELAB color difference; (b) CIEDE2000 color difference; (c) ΔL^*; (d) $Δ C_{a b}^{*}$ ; (e) $Δ H_{a b}^{*}$ ; (f) ΔL₀₀; (g) ΔC₀₀; (h) ΔH₀₀

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Table 1. Information of colorimetric values in two experiments
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Table 1. Information of colorimetric values in two experiments
Experiment Parameter $Δ E_{a b}^{*}$ $Δ L^{*}$ $Δ C_{a b}^{*}$ $Δ H_{a b}^{*}$
Ⅰ Maximum 3.88 3.33 3.35 3.16
Minimum 0.27 0.00 0.01 0.00
Mean 1.91 0.94 0.98 0.92
Ⅱ Maximum 3.92 3.17 3.90 2.94
Minimum 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.01
Mean 2.04 1.02 1.08 0.95

Table 2. Intra-variation and Inter-variation in two experiments
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Table 2. Intra-variation and Inter-variation in two experiments
Parameter W_D /%
Intra-variationof Exp.Ⅰ Inter-variationof Exp.Ⅰ Intra-variationof Exp. Ⅱ Inter-variationof Exp. Ⅱ
Mean 23.1 21.6 16.5 15.7
Maximum 32.3 41.6 30.7 34.4
Minimum 16.1 15.9 7.6 8.3

Table 3. Performances of original and optimized color difference formulas in terms of STRESSvalues and F-test results

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Table 3. Performances of original and optimized color difference formulas in terms of STRESSvalues and F-test results

Observer	Formula		Methods	a	b	k_L	k_C	k_H	STRESS	F
Exp. I （Inexperienced）	ΔE $_{a b}^{*}$	Original	A0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	34.0	1.00
		Optimized	A1	1.13	1.00	1.60	1.00	1.00	31.8	0.87
			A2	1.05	1.00	1.00	1.16	1.00	33.8	0.99
			A3	0.79	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.57	29.4	0.75
			A4	1.50	0.40	1.00	1.00	1.00	28.7	0.71
Exp. II（Experienced）	ΔE $_{a b}^{*}$	Original	A0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	33.1	1.00
		Optimized	A1	1.09	1.00	1.36	1.00	1.00	32.2	0.95
			A2	1.09	1.00	1.00	1.29	1.00	32.4	0.96
			A3	0.80	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.57	28.7	0.75
			A4	1.76	0.22	1.00	1.00	1.00	24.0	0.53
Exp. I （Inexperienced）	ΔE₀₀	Original	A0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	33.6	1.00
		Optimized	A1	1.27	1.00	1.49	1.00	1.00	24.9	0.55
			A2	0.90	1.00	1.00	0.81	1.00	32.0	0.91
			A3	0.77	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.76	28.8	0.73
			A4	1.24	0.43	1.00	1.00	1.00	27.7	0.68
Exp. II （Experienced）	ΔE₀₀	Original	A0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	32.7	1.00
		Optimized	A1	1.25	1.00	1.42	1.00	1.00	26.5	0.66
			A2	0.91	1.00	1.00	0.83	1.00	31.4	0.92
			A3	0.80	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.78	29.4	0.81
			A4	1.35	0.28	1.00	1.00	1.00	22.7	0.48

Table 4. Calculation thresholds of color difference formulas and calculation consistency results with visual results

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Table 4. Calculation thresholds of color difference formulas and calculation consistency results with visual results

Method		A0	Α1	Α2	Α3	Α4
Parameter		ΔE $_{a b}^{*}$	ΔE $_{a b}^{*}$ （k_L）	ΔE $_{a b}^{*}$ （k_C）	ΔE $_{a b}^{*}$ （k_H）	ΔE $_{a b}^{*}$ （b）
Exp. I	Threshold	1.46	1.43	1.35	1.33	1.75
Exp. I	Consistency	70.9	74.2	70.7	75.1	70.7
Exp. II	Τhreshold	0.82	1.10	0.76	1.02	1.66
Exp. II	Consistency	82.2	82.9	82.2	84.0	82.2
Method		A0	Α1	Α2	Α3	Α4
Parameter		ΔE₀₀	ΔE₀₀（k_L）	ΔE₀₀（k_C）	ΔE₀₀（k_H）	ΔE₀₀（b）
Exp. I	Τhreshold	1.12	1.29	1.08	1.07	1.30
Exp. I	Consistency	72.4	77.1	71.8	76.2	72.7
Exp. II	Τhreshold	0.76	0.86	0.77	0.68	1.25
Exp. II	Consistency	82.9	84.0	82.0	83.8	82.9

Table 5. Consistency evalution results based on thresholds of ΔH $_{a b}^{*}$ and ΔH₀₀
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Table 5. Consistency evalution results based on thresholds of ΔH $_{a b}^{*}$ and ΔH₀₀
Experiment Threshold $Δ H_{a b}^{*}$ /% Experiment Τhreshold ΔH₀₀ /%
Ⅰ 0.65 （ΔH $_{a b}^{*}$ ） 76.4 Ⅰ 0.45 （ΔH₀₀） 77.3
Ⅱ 0.53 （ΔH $_{a b}^{*}$ ） 82.4 Ⅱ 0.34 （ΔH₀₀） 82.9

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Xiaoyu Shang, Min Huang, Xuping Gong, Dan Wang, Xiu Li, Yu Liu. Optimization and Calculation of Acceptable Color Difference for Printed Samples[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(1): 0133001

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Paper Information

Category: Vision, Color, and Visual Optics

Received: Aug. 21, 2024

Accepted: Oct. 14, 2024

Published Online: Jan. 21, 2025

The Author Email: Huang Min (huangmin@bigc.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/AOS241455

CSTR:32393.14.AOS241455

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Information of colorimetric values in two experiments

Table 1. Information of colorimetric values in two experiments

Table 2. Intra-variation and Inter-variation in two experiments

Table 2. Intra-variation and Inter-variation in two experiments

Table 3. Performances of original and optimized color difference formulas in terms of STRESSvalues and F-test results

Table 3. Performances of original and optimized color difference formulas in terms of STRESSvalues and F-test results

Table 4. Calculation thresholds of color difference formulas and calculation consistency results with visual results

Table 4. Calculation thresholds of color difference formulas and calculation consistency results with visual results

Table 5. Consistency evalution results based on thresholds of ΔHab* and ΔH00

Table 5. Consistency evalution results based on thresholds of ΔHab* and ΔH00

Table 5. Consistency evalution results based on thresholds of ΔH $_{a b}^{*}$ and ΔH₀₀

Table 5. Consistency evalution results based on thresholds of ΔH $_{a b}^{*}$ and ΔH₀₀