Fig. 1. Real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index of cloud ice crystal particles. (a) Real part of the complex refractive index; (b) imaginary part of the complex refractive index

Fig. 2. Average light scattering characteristics of clouds of ice crystals. (a) Extinction coefficient; (b) absorption coefficient; (c) average single scattering albedo

Fig. 3. Phase functions of ice crystal particle clouds at different wavelengths. (a) P₁₁; (b) P₁₂/P₁₁; (c) P₃₃/P₁₁; (d) P₃₄/P₁₁

Fig. 4. Differences in phase functions under different cloud scattering models. (a) P₁₁; (b) P₁₂/P₁₁; (c) P₃₃/P₁₁; (d) P₃₄/P₁₁

Fig. 5. Cold chamber for ice crystal particle growth. (a) Experimental setup; (b) experimental debugging

Fig. 6. Experimental framework for light scattering of ice crystal particles

Fig. 7. Imaging of ice crystal particles. (a) -10 ℃ (b) -20 ℃ (c) -30 ℃ (d) -40 ℃

Fig. 8. Comparison of extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient of ice crystal particles at -10 ℃. (a) Extinction coefficient;(b) absorption coefficient

Fig. 9. Comparison of extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient of ice crystal particles at -20 ℃. (a) Extinction coefficient;(b) absorption coefficient

Fig. 10. Comparison of extinction coefficient and absorption coefficient of ice crystal particles at -40 ℃.(a) Extinction coefficient;(b) absorption coefficient