The current calibration status of the lens center deviation measuring instrument was introduced, and the optical angle gauge was designed and used to calibrate the indication errors of the auto-collimated light tube of lens center deviation measuring instrument. By analyzing the basic principles of optical angle gauges, the definition of deviation angle, and the conversion relationship between deviation angle and wedge angle, a detailed explanation of how to select and use an optical angle gauge to calibrate and trace the indication errors of the auto-collimated light tube of lens center deviation measuring instrument was provided. The first-class optical angle gauges with nominal values of 2' and 5' and traced by the National Institute of Metrology were selected to calibrate a single optical path device and a dual optical path device. The measurement repeatability is better than 0.1", and the uncertainty reaches 0.11". The results show that the optical angle gauge can effectively solve the calibration and traceability problems of the auto-collimated light tube indication errors of high-precision lens center deviation measuring instruments.