To shorten the drinking water treatment process and improve the quality of the effluent, a study was conducted to evaluate the purification effect on water quality as well as the removal ability of dissolved organic matter and inorganic ions using a microfiltration (MF)-ultrafiltration (UF)-nanofiltration (NF) total membrane process for treating natural surface water. This study assessed the purification efficiency of the process for water quality, focusing on its ability to remove dissolved organic matter and inorganic ions. Using an experimental design, an integrated membrane process was applied to treat water samples from the Dongping Lake. The removal rates of UV₂₅₄, TOC, conductivity, TDS, and various ions were measured, and the effects of different processes on organic matter of varying molecular weights were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the combined process effectively removed dissolved organic matter from the raw water of Dongping Lake. Removal rates of 92.7%, 97.89% for UV₂₅₄, 75.83%, and 55.1% were achieved for TDS. Furthermore, the MF and UF processes effectively removed macromolecular organic matter, whereas the NF process significantly eliminated small- and medium-molecular-weight organic matter. In addition to removing organic matter, the full membrane process effectively removes inorganic ions from the water. The comprehensive experimental results indicate that the MF-UF-NF integrated membrane process not only efficiently removes organic matter and inorganic ions from water but also improves water quality, meeting the requirements for safe drinking water production. The experimental results indicate that the MF-UF-NF integrated membrane process effectively removes organic matter and inorganic ions while improving water quality to meet safe drinking water standards. Therefore, this process has the potential to serve as an efficient water treatment technology, offering critical data for improving drinking water quality and for advancing water treatment methods.