In order to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance of 316L stainless steel, laser melting technology were used to strengthen the surface of 316L steel. The scanning speed of 1 100 mm/min, 1 300 mm/min and 1 500 mm/min were selected to prepare the 316L laser melting layer. The effects of different laser scanning speeds on the microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance of the molten layer were studied. The results showed that the 316L laser melting layer was uniform and dense, and the molten layer had no pores, cracks, and other defects. As the scanning speed increased, the grain size of the molten layer gradually decreased. The microhardness of the molten layer prepared at 1 500 mm/min was the highest, about (253±9.8) HV, and the increased in microhardness could be attributed to the synergistic effect of solution strengthening and fine grain strengthening. The laser molten layer prepared at 1 500 mm/min had the best wear resistance, and the friction coefficient and wear rate were the lowest, which were 0.56 and 2.46×106 μm3/(N·m), respectively. The wear mechanism was adhesion wear and abrasive wear. Laser melting treatment on the surface of 316L stainless steel can effectively improve its hardness and wear resistance.