[1] [1] GAGE S H. Modern dark-field microscopy and the history of its development[J]. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 1920, 39(2): 95-141.

[3] [3] HECHT E. Optics[M]. 3rd ed. Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1998.

[4] [4] MURPHY D B, DAVIDSON M W. Fundamentals of light microscopy and electronic imaging[M]. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.

[5] [5] NODA N, KAMIMURA S. A new microscope optics for laser dark-field illumination applied to high precision two dimensional measurement of specimen displacement[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2008, 79(2): 023704.

[6] [6] UENO H, NISHIKAWA S, IINO R, et al. Simple dark-field microscopy with nanometer spatial precision and microsecond temporal resolution[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2010, 98(9): 2014-2023.

[7] [7] KUDO S, MAGARIYAMA Y, AIZAWA S I. Abrupt changes in flagellar rotation observed by laser dark-field microscopy[J]. Nature, 1990, 346(6285): 677-680.

[8] [8] DUNN A R, SPUDICH J A. Dynamics of the unbound head during myosin V processive translocation[J]. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 2007, 14(3): 246-248.

[9] [9] NISHIYAMA M, MUTO E, INOUE Y, et al. Substeps within the 8-nm step of the ATPase cycle of single kines in molecules[J]. Nature Cell Biology, 2001, 3(4): 425-428.

[10] [10] YASUDA R, NOJI H, YOSHIDA M, et al. Resolution of distinct rotational substeps by submillisecond kinetic analysis of F1-ATPase[J]. Nature, 2001, 410(6831): 898-904.

[11] [11] SNNICHSEN C, FRANZL T, WILK T, et al. Plasmon resonances in large noble-metal clusters[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2002, 4(1): 93.

[12] [12] ROSMAN C, PIERRAT S, HENKEL A, et al. A new approach to assess gold nanoparticle uptake by mammalian cells: combining optical dark-field and transmission electron microscopy[J]. Small, 2012, 8(23): 3683-3690.

[13] [13] MA J, LIU Y, GAO P F, et al. Precision improvement in dark-field microscopy imaging by using gold nanoparticles as an internal reference: a combined theoretical and experimental study[J]. Nanoscale, 2016, 8(16): 8729-8736.

[14] [14] FARIDIAN A, PEDRINI G, OSTEN W. High-contrast multilayer imaging of biological organisms through dark-field digital refocusing[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2013, 18(8): 086009.

[15] [15] DUBOIS F, GROSFILS P. Dark-field digital holographic microscopy to investigate objects that are nanosized or smaller than the optical resolution[J]. Optics Letters, 2008, 33(22): 2605-2607.

[16] [16] FARIDIAN A, PEDRINI G, OSTEN W. Opposed-view dark-field digital holographic microscopy[J]. Biomedical Optics Express, 2014, 5(3): 728-736.

[17] [17] PORRAS, M A, RICCARDO B, MASSIMO S. Relationship between elegant Laguerre-Gauss and Bessel-Gauss beams[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2001, 18(1): 177-184.

[23] [23] DENNIS M R, O'HOLLERAN K, PADGETT M J. Singular optics: optical vortices and polarization singularities[M]//Progress in Optics. Elsevier, 2009, 53: 293-363.

[27] [27] BORN M, WOLF E. Principles of optics[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.