[1] [1] FergusonB, ZhangXC. Materialsforterahertzscienceandtechnology［J］. NatureMaterials, 2002, 1(1)：26-33.

[2] [2] Hangyo M, Nagashima T, Nashima S. Spectroscopy by pulsed terahertz radiation［J］. Measurement Science and Technology, 2002, 13(11)：1727.

[3] [3] HanPY, ZhangXC. Free-spacecoherentbroadbandterahertztime-domain spectroscopy［J］. MeasurementScience andTechnology, 2001, 12(11)：1747.

[4] [4] Bolivar P H, Brucherseifer M, Rivas J G, et al. Measurement of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of high dielectric-constant materials at terahertz frequencies［J］. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2003, 51(4)：1062-1066.

[5] [5] Kacurakova M, Capek P, Sasinkova V, et al. FT-IR study of plant cell wall model compounds：pectic polysaccharidesandhemicelluloses［J］. CarbohydratePolymers, 2000, 43(2)：195-20

[6] [6] NirE, Kleinermanns K, DeVriesMS. Pairingofisolatednucleic-acidbasesintheabsenceoftheDNAbackbone［J］. Nature, 2000, 408(6815)：949-951.

[7] [7] MarkelzAG. Terahertz dielectric sensitivitytobiomolecular structureandfunction［J］. IEEE Journal of Selected TopicsinQuantumElectronics, 2008, 14(1)：180-190.

[8] [8] LiKX, LiD, ZhangY. Terahertzspectralpropertiesof5-substituteduracils［J］. Sensors, 2021, 21(24)：8292.

[9] [9] Korter T M, Balu R, Campbell M B, et al. Terahertz spectroscopy of solid serine and cysteine［J］. Chemical PhysicsLetters, 2006, 418(1-3)：65-70.

[10] [10] KingMD, HakeyPM, KorterTM. Discriminationofchiralsolids：Aterahertzspectroscopicinvestigation ofL-andDL-serine［J］. TheJournalofPhysicalChemistryA, 2010, 114(8)：2945-2953.

[12] [12] Neu J, Nemes C T, Regan K P, et al. Exploring the solid state phase transition in dl-norvaline with terahertz spectroscopy［J］. PhysicalChemistryChemicalPhysics, 2018, 20(1)：276-283.

[13] [13] WilliamsMRC, TrueAB, IzmaylovAF, et al. Terahertzspectroscopyofenantiopureandracemicpolycrystalline valine［J］. PhysicalChemistryChemicalPhysics, 2011, 13(24)：11719-11730.

[15] [15] Whitmire S E, Wolpert D, Markelz A G, et al. Protein flexibility and conformational state：A comparison of collective vibrational modes of wild-type and D96N bacteriorhodopsin［J］. Biophysical Journal, 2003, 85(2)： 1269-1277.

[16] [16] Nashine V C, Hammes-Schiffer S, Benkovic S J. Coupled motions in enzyme catalysis［J］. Current Opinion in ChemicalBiology, 2010, 14(5)：644-651.

[17] [17] Hernandez-Cardoso G G, Rojas-Landeros S C, Alfaro-Gomez M, et al. Terahertz imaging for early screening of diabeticfootsyndrome：Aproofofconcept［J］. ScientificReports, 2017, 7(1)：1-9.

[18] [18] Perera P G T, Appadoo D R T, Cheeseman S, et al. PC 12 pheochromocytoma cell response to super high frequencyterahertzradiationfromsynchrotronsource［J］. Cancers, 2019, 11(2)：162.

[19] [19] Titova L V, Ayesheshim A K, Golubov A, et al. Intense THz pulses down-regulate genes associated with skin cancerandpsoriasis：anewtherapeuticavenue？［J］. ScientificReports, 2013, 3(1)：1-6.

[20] [20] EchchgaddaI, GrundtJE, CernaC Z, et al. Terahertzstimulatespecificsignalingpathwaysinhumancells［C］// 201439thInternationalConferenceonInfrared, Millimeter, andTerahertzWaves(IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2014：1-2.

[21] [21] Dalzell D R, McQuade J, Vincelette R, et al. Damage thresholds for terahertz radiation［C］//Optical Interactions withTissuesandCellsXXI.InternationalSocietyforOpticsandPhotonics, 2010, 7562：75620M.

[22] [22] Verghese S, McIntosh KA, Brown E R. Highly tunable fiber-coupled photomixers with coherent terahertz output power［J］. IEEETransactionsonMicrowaveTheoryandTechniques, 1997, 45(8)：1301-1309.

[23] [23] TadayPF, BradleyIV, ArnoneDD, et al. Usingterahertzpulsespectroscopytostudythecrystallinestructureofa drug：Acasestudyofthepolymorphsofranitidinehydrochloride［J］. JournalofPharmaceuticalSciences, 2003, 92(4)：831-838.

[24] [24] Yang Q, Wu L, Shi C, et al. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of caffeine in medicines by terahertz spectroscopyusingmachinelearningmethod［J］. IEEEAccess, 2021, 9：140008-140021.

[25] [25] ZhangH, Li Z, ChenT, et al. Discriminationoftraditionalherbalmedicinesbased onterahertzspectroscopy［J］. Optik, 2017, 138：95-102.

[26] [26] ZhouY J, Liu J S, Wang K J, et al. Identification of Chinese herbal medicines based on terahertz spectroscopy analysis［J］. SpectroscopyandSpectralAnalysis, 2014, 34(7)：1840-1843.

[27] [27] BallP. Waterasabiomolecule［J］. ChemPhysChem, 2008, 9(18)：2677-2685.

[28] [28] Shiraga K, Ogawa Y, Suzuki T, et al. Characterization of dielectric responses of human cancer cells in the terahertzregion［J］. JournalofInfrared, Millimeter, andTerahertzWaves, 2014, 35(5)：493-502.

[29] [29] HoffmanRM. Thewaywardmethylgroupandthecascadetocancer［J］. CellCycle, 2017, 16(9)：825-829.

[30] [30] DasPM, SingalR. DNAmethylationandcancer［J］. JournalofClinicalOncology, 2004, 22(22)：4632-4642.

[31] [31] LevensonVV. DNAmethylation asauniversalbiomarker［J］. ExpertReviewofMolecularDiagnostics, 2010, 10(4)：481-488.

[32] [32] JeongSY, CheonH, LeeD, et al. Determiningterahertz resonantpeaksofbiomolecules inaqueousenvironment［J］. OpticsExpress, 2020, 28(3)：3854-3863.

[33] [33] CheonH, YangH, LeeSH, et al. Terahertzmolecular resonanceofcancerDNA［J］. ScientificReports, 2016, 6(1)：1-10.

[34] [34] Feijó Delgado F, Cermak N, Hecht V C, et al. Intracellular water exchange for measuring the dry mass, water massandchangesinchemicalcompositionoflivingcells［J］. PloSone, 2013, 8(7)：e67590.

[35] [35] Lee D K, Kim G, Kim C, et al. UltrasensitivedetectionofresidualpesticidesusingTHz near-fieldenhancement［J］. IEEETransactionsonTerahertzScienceandTechnology, 2016, 6(3)：389-395.

[36] [36] FieldsRD. Whitematterinlearning, cognitionand psychiatricdisorders［J］. TrendsinNeurosciences, 2008, 31(7)：361-370.

[37] [37] ZouY, Li J, Zhu LG, et al. Aninitialstudyofgeneticdemyelinating mousebrainusingTerahertzspectroscopy［C］//CancerImagingandTherapy. OpticalSocietyofAmerica, 2016：JW3A.32.

[38] [38] ZouY, LiJ, CuiY, et al. Terahertzspectroscopicdiagnosisofmyelindeficitbraininmiceandrhesusmonkeywith chemometrictechniques［J］. ScientificReports, 2017, 7(1)：1-9.

[39] [39] JiYB, Lee E S, Kim S H, et al. Aminiaturized fiber-coupledterahertzendoscopesystem［J］. Optics Express, 2009, 17(19)：17082-17087.

[40] [40] WangX, CuiY, SunW, et al. Terahertzpolarization real-timeimagingbased onbalancedelectro-optic detection［J］. JournalofOpticalSocietyofAmericanA, 2010, 27(11)：2387-2393.

[41] [41] AlexiadouK, DoupisJ. Managementofdiabeticfootulcers［J］. DiabetesTherapy, 2012, 3(1)：1-15.

[42] [42] Hernandez-CardosoGG, Alfaro-GomezM, Rojas-LanderosSC, et al. Diabeticfootearlydiagnosisandstatistical analysis by spectral terahertz reflection images［C］//Terahertz Emitters, Receivers, and Applications IX. InternationalSocietyforOpticsandPhotonics, 2018, 10756：107560X.

[43] [43] HeY, UngBSY, ParrottEPJ, et al. Freeze-thawhysteresiseffectsinterahertzimagingofbiomedicaltissues［J］. BiomedicalOpticsExpress, 2016, 7(11)：4711-4717.

[44] [44] Crawley DA, Longbottom C, WallaceVP, et al. Three-dimensionalterahertzpulseimagingofdentaltissue［J］. JournalofBiomedicalOptics, 2003, 8(2)：303-307.

[45] [45] KaragozB, AltanH, KamburogluK. Terahertzpulsedimagingstudyofdentalcaries［C］//EuropeanConferenceon BiomedicalOptics.OpticalSocietyofAmerica, 2015：95420N.

[46] [46] MiuraY, KamatakiA, UzukiM, et al. Terahertz-wavespectroscopyforprecisehistopathologicalimagingoftumor andnon-tumorlesionsinparaffinsections［J］. TheTohokuJournalofExperimentalMedicine, 2011, 223(4)：291-296.

[47] [47] SimYC, ParkJY, AhnKM, et al. Terahertzimagingofexcisedoralcanceratfrozentemperature［J］. Biomedical OpticsExpress, 2013, 4(8)：1413-1421.

[48] [48] RahmanA, RahmanAK, RaoB. Earlydetectionofskincancerviaterahertzspectralprofilingand3Dimaging［J］. BiosensorsandBioelectronics, 2016, 82：64-70.

[49] [49] Bowman T, Wu Y, Gauch J, et al. Terahertz imaging of three-dimensional dehydrated breast cancer tumors［J］. JournalofInfrared, Millimeter, andTerahertzWaves, 2017, 38(6)：766-786.

[50] [50] Okada K, Serita K, Cassar Q, et al. Terahertz near-field microscopy of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)of the breast［J］. JournalofPhysics：Photonics, 2020, 2(4)：044008

[51] [51] Doradla P, Alavi K, Joseph C S, et al. Detection of colon cancer by continuous-wave terahertz polarization imagingtechnique［J］. JournalofBiomedicalOptics, 2013, 18(9)：090504.

[52] [52] BowmanT, ChavezT, KhanK, et al. Pulsedterahertzimagingofbreast cancerinfreshlyexcisedmurine tumors［J］. JournalofBiomedicalOptics, 2018, 23(2)：026004.

[53] [53] Trastour C, Benizri E, Ettore F, et al. HIF‐1α and CAIX staining in invasive breast carcinomas：prognosis and treatmentoutcome［J］. InternationalJournalofCancer, 2007, 120(7)：1451-1458.

[54] [54] Albrechtsen R, Nielsen M, Wewer U, et al. Basement membrane changes in breast cancer detected by immunohistochemicalstainingforlaminin［J］. CancerResearch, 1981, 41(12Part1)：5076-5081.

[55] [55] SmyeSW, ChamberlainJM, FitzgeraldAJ, et al. Theinteractionbetweenterahertzradiationandbiologicaltissue［J］. PhysicsinMedicine&Biology, 2001, 46(9)：R101.

[56] [56] Doleshal M, MagotraAA, Choudhury B, et al. Evaluation and validation of total RNA extraction methods for microRNA expression analyses in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues［J］. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics, 2008, 10(3)：203-211.

[57] [57] Oh S J, Kim S H, Ji Y B, et al. Study of freshly excised brain tissues using terahertz imaging［J］. Biomedical OpticsExpress, 2014, 5(8)：2837-2842.

[58] [58] MengK, ChenT, ChenT, et al. Terahertzpulsedspectroscopyofparaffin-embeddedbrainglioma［J］. Journalof BiomedicalOptics, 2014, 19(7)：077001.

[59] [59] ParkJY, ChoiHJ, ChoKS, et al. Terahertzspectroscopicimagingof arabbitVX2hepatomamodel［J］. Journal ofAppliedPhysics, 2011, 109(6)：064704.

[60] [60] SyS, HuangS, WangYXJ, et al. Terahertzspectroscopyoflivercirrhosis：investigatingtheoriginofcontrast［J］. PhysicsinMedicine&Biology, 2010, 55(24)：7587.

[61] [61] Wahaia F, Kasalynas I, Seliuta D, et al. Study of paraffin-embedded colon cancer tissue using terahertz spectroscopy［J］. JournalofMolecularStructure, 2015, 1079：448-453.

[62] [62] Hou D, Li X, Cai J, et al. Terahertz spectroscopic investigation of human gastric normal and tumor tissues［J］. PhysicsinMedicine&Biology, 2014, 59(18)：5423.

[63] [63] Cheon H, Yang H J, Son J H. Toward clinical cancer imaging using terahertz spectroscopy［J］. IEEE Journal of SelectedTopicsinQuantumElectronics, 2017, 23(4)：1-9.

[64] [64] SimYC, AhnKM, ParkJY, et al. Temperature-dependentterahertzimagingofexcisedoralmalignantmelanoma［J］. IEEETransactionsonTerahertzScienceandTechnology, 2013, 3(4)：368-373.

[65] [65] ParkJY, ChoiH J, CheonH, et al. Terahertzimagingofmetastatic lymphnodesusingspectroscopicintegration technique［J］. BiomedicalOpticsExpress, 2017, 8(2)：1122-1129.

[66] [66] BuiAK, McClureRA, ChangJ, et al. Revisitingopticalclearingwithdimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)［J］. Lasersin SurgeryandMedicine, 2009, 41(2)：142-148.

[67] [67] CicchiR, Pavone FS, MassiD, et al. Contrastanddepthenhancementintwo-photonmicroscopyofhumanskin exvivobyuseofopticalclearingagents［J］. OpticsExpress, 2005, 13(7)：2337-2344.

[68] [68] Oh S J, KimSH, Jeong K, et al. Measurementdepthenhancementinterahertzimagingofbiologicaltissues［J］. OpticsExpress, 2013, 21(18)：21299-21305.

[69] [69] McCarthy J R, Weissleder R. Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for targeted imaging and therapy［J］. AdvancedDrugDeliveryReviews, 2008, 60(11)：1241-1251.

[70] [70] Lee J H, Huh Y M, Jun Y, et al. Artificially engineered magnetic nanoparticles for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging［J］. NatureMedicine, 2007, 13(1)：95-99.

[71] [71] OhSJ, ChoiJ, MaengI, et al. Molecularimagingwithterahertzwaves［J］. OpticsExpress, 2011, 19(5)：4009-4016.

[72] [72] OhSJ, KangJ, MaengI, et al. Nanoparticle-enabledterahertzimagingfor cancerdiagnosis［J］. OpticsExpress, 2009, 17(5)：3469-3475.

[73] [73] Zhou R, Wang C, HuangY, et al. Optically enhanced terahertz modulation and sensing in aqueous environment withgoldnanorods［J］. OpticsandLasersinEngineering, 2020, 133：106147.

[74] [74] LeeJ, YangJ, KoH, et al. Multifunctionalmagneticgoldnanocomposites：humanepithelial cancerdetectionvia magneticresonanceimagingandlocalizedsynchronoustherapy［J］. AdvancedFunctionalMaterials, 2008, 18(2)： 258-264.

[75] [75] Ronne C, Thrane L, .strand P O, et al. Investigation of the temperature dependence of dielectric relaxation in liquid water by THz reflection spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation［J］. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1997, 107(14)：5319-5331.

[76] [76] Bondar N P, Kovalenko I L, Avgustinovich D F, et al. Behavioral effect of terahertz waves in male mice［J］. BulletinofExperimentalBiologyandMedicine, 2008, 145(4)：401-405.

[77] [77] KirichukVF, AntipovaON, KrylovaYA. Effectofcontinuousirradiationwithterahertzelectromagneticwavesof the NO frequency range on behavioral reactions of male albino rats under stress conditions［J］. Bulletin of ExperimentalBiologyandMedicine, 2014, 157(2)：184-190.

[78] [78] Alexandrov B S, Gelev V, BishopAR, et al. DNAbreathingdynamics inthepresenceofaterahertzfield［J］. PhysicsLettersA, 2010, 374(10)：1214-1217.

[79] [79] Cherkasova O P, Fedorov V I, Nemova E F, et al. Influence of terahertz laser radiation on the spectral characteristicsandfunctionalpropertiesofalbumin［J］. OpticsandSpectroscopy, 2009, 107(4)：534-537.

[80] [80] BorovkovaM, SerebriakovaM, FedorovV, et al. Investigationofterahertzradiationinfluenceonratglialcells［J］.BiomedicalOpticsExpress, 2017, 8(1)：273-280.

[81] [81] Koch M, RohrbachA. Object-adaptedopticaltrappingandshape-trackingof energy-switchinghelicalbacteria［J］. NaturePhotonics, 2012, 6(10)：680-686.

[82] [82] BottauscioO, ChiampiM, ZilbertiL. Thermalanalysisofhumantissuesexposed tofocusedbeamTHzradiations［J］. IEEETransactionsonMagnetics, 2015, 51(3)：1-4.

[83] [83] Chen C H, Ma Q L, Tao JW, et al. Effects of terahertz exposure on skin injury in mouse model［J］. Journal of ThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity, 2020, 43(23)：2282-2289.

[84] [84] GaoP, LuYG, MaQL, et al. NLRP3inflammasomeactivation mediatesterahertzexposure-inducedskinaseptic inflammationinmice.JournalofThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversity, 2020, 43(23)：2290-2295.

[85] [85] GrundtJE, CernaC, RothCC, et al. Terahertzradiationtriggersasignaturegeneexpressionprofileinhumancells［C］//2011InternationalConferenceonInfrared, Millimeter, andTerahertzWaves.IEEE, 2011：1-2.

[86] [86] HwangY, Ahn J, MunJ, et al. InvivoanalysisofTHz waveirradiationinduced acuteinflammatoryresponsein skinbylaser-scanningconfocalmicroscopy［J］. OpticsExpress, 2014, 22(10)：11465-11475.

[87] [87] XuW, BerhaneY, Dubé C, et al. Epidemiologicalandevolutionaryinferenceofthetransmissionnetworkofthe 2014highlypathogenicavianinfluenzaH5N2outbreakinBritishColumbia, Canada［J］. ScientificReports, 2016, 6(1)：1-15.

[88] [88] LiuG, ChangC, QiaoZ, et al. Myelinsheath asadielectricwaveguideforsignalpropagationinthemid‐infrared toterahertzspectralrange［J］. AdvancedFunctionalMaterials, 2019, 29(7)：1807862.

[89] [89] Guo L H, Wang S M, Yang L X, et al. Weak resonance effects of THz wave transmission in nerve cell. Acta PhysicaSinica, 2021, 70(24)：240301.

[90] [90] Tsurkan M V, Smolyanskaya O A, Bespalov V G, et al. Changing growth of neurites of sensory ganglion by terahertz radiation［C］//Terahertz Technology and Applications V. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2012, 8261：82610S.

[91] [91] RomanenkoS, AppadooD, LawlerN, et al. TerahertzradiationstimulatesneuritegrowthinPC12derivedneurons duringdevelopmentphase：preliminarystudy［C］//202045thInternationalConference onInfrared, Millimeter, and TerahertzWaves(IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2020：1-2.

[92] [92] AlexandrovBS, RasmussenK., BishopAR, et al. Non-thermaleffectsofterahertzradiationongeneexpression inmousestemcells［J］. BiomedicalOpticsExpress, 2011, 2(9)：2679-2689.

[93] [93] Ramundo‐OrlandoA, GalleranoGP, StanoP, et al. Permeabilitychangesinducedby130GHzpulsedradiationon cationic liposomes loaded with carbonic anhydrase［J］. Bioelectromagnetics：Journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, The Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, The European Bioelectromagnetics Association, 2007, 28(8)：587-598.

[94] [94] RamundoOrlandoA, GalleranoGP. Terahertzradiationeffectsandbiologicalapplications［J］. JournalofInfrared, Millimeter, andTerahertzWaves, 2009, 30(12)：1308-1318.

[95] [95] Hintzsche H, Jastrow C, Kleine-Ostmann T, et al. Terahertz radiation induces spindle disturbances in human-hamsterhybridcells［J］. RadiationResearch, 2011, 175(5)：569-574.

[96] [96] Korenstein-Ilan A, Barbul A, Hasin P, et al. Terahertz radiation increases genomic instability in human lymphocytes［J］. RadiationResearch, 2008, 170(2)：224-234.

[97] [97] HomenkoA, KapilevichB, KornsteinR, et al. Effectsof100GHzradiation onalkalinephosphataseactivityand antigen–antibodyinteraction［J］. Bioelectromagnetics, 2009, 30(3)：167-175.

[98] [98] CheonH, PaikJH, ChoiM, et al.DetectionandmanipulationofmethylationinbloodcancerDNAusingterahertz radiation［J］. ScientificReports, 2019, 9(1)：1-10.