Fig. 1. Microstructure analysis of CsPbBr3. (a) Electron localization function of CsPbBr₃ at (001) plane; (b) energy band structure of CsPbBr₃; (c) electron density of valence band; (d) electron density of conduction band

Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals

Fig. 3. Characterization of CsPbBr3 films. (a) TEM characterization of CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals;(b) size distribution of nanocrystals; (c)-(e) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization of CsPbBr₃ perovskite thin films with thicknesses of 300, 800, and 4500 nm

Fig. 4. Electron beam pumped perovskite quantum dot luminescence. (a) Luminescence threshold of electron beam pumped perovskite quantum dots varies with pump voltage (inset is electron beam pumped perovskite quantum dot luminescence spectrum); (b) transient luminescence of perovskite quantum dots

Fig. 5. Luminescence threshold of electron beam pumped perovskite quantum dots. (a) Characterization of metal film-net; (b) luminescence imaging of PQDs pumped by laser; (c) luminescence imaging of PQDs pumped by 5 keV electron beam; (d) space frequency spectrum of PQDs pumped by electron beam; (e) space frequency spectrum comparison of two luminescence models; (f) edge gradient comparison of two luminescence models

Fig. 6. Energy distributions and luminescence model of electron beam in PQD films. (a) Vertical energy distribution of electron beam in PQD films; (b) horizontal energy distribution of electron beam in PQD films; (c) luminescence distribution model of PQD films pumped by 5 keV electron beam

Fig. 7. Model of luminescence efficiency of quantum dots under 5 keV pumped electric field