Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of geometric model. (a) Top cladding model; (b) cross-section of top cladding; (c) side cladding model; (d) cross-section of side cladding

Fig. 2. Heat source energy density distribution^[17]

Fig. 3. SEM secondary electron morphology photo of iron-based alloy powders

Fig. 4. Cross-sectional comparison of the test and simulated molten pools. (a)(b) Top cladding; (c)(d) side cladding

Fig. 5. Cloud diagrams of temperature field evolution of top cladding. (a)(e) t=1 s; (b)(f) t=2 s; (c)(g) t=5 s; (d)(h) t=12 s

Fig. 6. Cloud diagrams of temperature field evolution of side cladding. (a)(e) t=1 s; (b)(f) t=2 s; (c)(g) t=5 s; (d)(h) t=12 s

Fig. 7. Microstructure of cladding layer with top cladding.(a) Bottom; (b) middle; (c) surface

Fig. 8. Microstructure of cladding layer with side cladding. (a)‒(d) Bottom; (e) middle; (f) surface

Fig. 9. Microhardness of coating cross section. (a) Mean microhardness; (b) microhardness curves