The temperature field during cladding under different cladding methods was simulated using the COMSOL software. Subsequently, using optimized process parameters, the Fe-based high-hardness and corrosion-resistant alloy was cladded on the blade of a 3Cr13 stainless-steel billet. The microstructure and microhardness of the two cladding layers were compared and analyzed. The results show that the simulated weld-pool morphology is consistent with the actual morphology. During top cladding, heat dissipates from the molten pool rapidly and the maximum temperature of the temperature field is 2271.1 K. During side cladding, the maximum temperature reaches 2349.7 K owing to heat accumulation. The microstructure of the top cladding layer from the bottom to the surface comprises a planar crystal, a small amount of cellular crystals, and dendrites. Meanwhile, the microstructure of the side cladding layer comprises a planar crystal, an equiaxed crystal, columnar dendrites, and dendrites from the bottom to the surface. The average microhardness of the top and side cladding layers is 783.8 HV and 688.5 HV, respectively.