Cross Calibration of FY-3E Satellite Low-light Band Based on Observation of Antarctic Umbra Region

Yu Gao; Xiuqing Hu; Yuqing He; Hanlie Xu

doi:10.3788/AOS240769

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 4, 0412003(2025)

Cross Calibration of FY-3E Satellite Low-light Band Based on Observation of Antarctic Umbra Region

Yu Gao^1,2, Xiuqing Hu^3,4,5、*, Yuqing He^1,2、**, and Hanlie Xu^3,4,5

¹Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

²Key Laboratory of Low-Light-Level Night Vision Technology, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi , China

³National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), Beijing 100081, China

⁴Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China

⁵Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China

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Abstract Get PDF(in Chinese)

Figures & Tables(14)

Fig. 1. Earth observation image of FY-3E MERSI-LL

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Fig. 2. Spectral response functions of VIIRS DNB and MERSI-LL

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Fig. 3. Schematic diagrams of the positional relationship between the Sun, the Earth, and the satellite, as well as umbra region. (a) Geometry relationship among the Sun, the Earth and the satellite^[22]; (b) illustration of umbra region

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Fig. 4. Flow chart of the cross calibration based on stable target

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Fig. 5. Observation data images of FY-3E MERSI-LL, with the selected area being the Dome C region. (a)‒(c) Data discarded; (d) data retained

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Fig. 6. Cross calibration results of MERSI-LL under different lunar cycles. (a) 2021-07-19/2021-07-28; (b) 2022-05-17/2022-05-20; (c) 2022-06-10/2022-06-18; (d) 2022-07-09/2022-07-17; (e) 2023-05-31/2023-06-08; (f) 2023-06-28/2023-07-07

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Fig. 7. Relationships between the observed radiance by FY-3E and NOAA-20 satellites in the microlight channel and lunar phase angle distribution under different lunar cycles. (a) 2021-07-19/2021-07-28; (b) 2022-05-17/2022-05-20; (c) 2022-06-10/2022-06-18; (d) 2022-07-09/2022-07-17; (e) 2023-05-31/2023-06-08; (f) 2023-06-28/2023-07-07

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Fig. 8. Linear regression plots MERSI-LL professional calibration radiance and VIIRS radiance under different lunar cycles. (a) 2021-07-19/2021-07-28; (b) 2022-05-17/2022-05-20; (c) 2022-06-10/2022-06-18; (d) 2022-07-09/2022-07-17; (e) 2023-05-31/2023-06-08; (f) 2023-06-28/2023-07-07

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Fig. 9. MERSI-LL calibration radiance and VIIRS radiance linear regression

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Table 1. Spectral band performance requirements of MERSI-LL

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Table 1. Spectral band performance requirements of MERSI-LL

Band

number

Spectral passband center /μm

Maximum detectable radiance

L_max /（W·m^-2·sr^-1）

Minimum detectable radiance

L_min /（W·m^-2·sr^-1）

Typical radiance

L_typ /（W·m^-2·sr^-1）

Sensitivity SNR/

NE∆T @L_typ/T_typ

Measurement accuracy /%

Low gain stage （LGS）

0.70

0.1

50 （day）

200

Medium gain stage （MGS）

0.70

0.6

3×10^-3

4×10^-3

—

High gain stage （HGS）

0.70

6×10^-3

3×10^-5

4×10^-5 （night）

Table 2. Range of specific DOY and date in every lunar cycle during 2021—2023

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Table 2. Range of specific DOY and date in every lunar cycle during 2021—2023

Year	The first lunar cycle		The second lunar cycle		The third lunar cycle
Year	DOY	Date	DOY	Date	DOY	Date
2021	—	—	—	—	200-210	2021-07-19/2021-07-29
2022	134-141	2022-05-14/2022-05-21	161-170	2022-06-10/2022-06-19	189-199	2022-07-08/2022-07-18
2023	—	—	149-160	2023-05-29/2023-06-09	178-188	2023-06-27/2023-07-07

Table 3. Calibration coefficients based on multi-lunar phase umbra region
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Table 3. Calibration coefficients based on multi-lunar phase umbra region
Time 2021-07 2022-05 2022-06 2022-07 2023-06 2023-07
Calibration coefficients a 0.1119 0.0988 0.1160 0.1178 0.1108 0.1131
Calibration coefficients b -5.264 -3.332 -5.242 -5.197 -4.292 -4.306

Table 4. Professional calibration radiance relative error confidence interval

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Table 4. Professional calibration radiance relative error confidence interval

Parameter

Total

2021-07

2022-05

2022-06

2022-07

2023-06

2023-07

MRE /%

19.39

13.92

15.26

16.00

20.24

20.02

23.75

95% confidence

min critical value /%

17.49

9.35

8.62

12.61

16.01

14.50

19.64

95% confidence

max critical value /%

21.28

18.50

21.90

19.39

24.47

25.55

27.87

Table 5. Comparison of cross-calibration results and professional calibration results relative bias

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Table 5. Comparison of cross-calibration results and professional calibration results relative bias

Time	Operational calibration meanrelative bias /%	Cross calibration mean relativebias /%
2021-07-19/2021-07-28	13.92	0.01
2022-05-17/2022-05-20	15.26	3.64
2022-06-10/2022-06-18	16.00	5.41
2022-07-09/2022-07-17	20.24	9.12
2023-05-31/2023-06-08	20.02	8.82
2023-06-28/2023-07-07	23.75	9.96

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Yu Gao, Xiuqing Hu, Yuqing He, Hanlie Xu. Cross Calibration of FY-3E Satellite Low-light Band Based on Observation of Antarctic Umbra Region[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(4): 0412003

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