Parameters Optimization and Friction and Wear Properties for Laser Cladding Ni60AA Coating on 45 Steel Shaft Surface

Jun Wu; Dongdong Zhu; Richu Yang; Siyu Wu; Yan Huang; Yuliang Zhang

doi:10.3788/LOP202158.1114008

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 11, 1114008(2021)

Parameters Optimization and Friction and Wear Properties for Laser Cladding Ni60AA Coating on 45 Steel Shaft Surface

Jun Wu^1,2、*, Dongdong Zhu^1,2, Richu Yang¹, Siyu Wu¹, Yan Huang¹, and Yuliang Zhang^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹College of Mechanical Engineering,Quzhou University, Quzhou , Zhejiang 324000, China

²Key Laboratory of Air-Driven Equipment Technology of Zhejiang Province, Quzhou University, Quzhou , Zhejiang 324000, China

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Figures & Tables(20)

Fig. 1. Coaxial powder feeding laser forming system

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Fig. 2. Laser cladding principle of shaft parts

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Fig. 3. Effects of laser power on morphologies and properties of cladding coating. （a） Morphologies of cladding coating；（b） variation of thickness, dilution ratio and micro-hardness with laser power

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Fig. 4. Effects of powder feeding rate on morphologies and properties of cladding coating. （a） Morphologies of cladding coating；（b） variation of thickness，dilution ratio and micro-hardness with powder feeding rate

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Fig. 5. Effects of shaft speed on morphologies and properties of cladding coating. （a） Morphologies of cladding coating；（b） variation of thickness, dilution ratio and micro-hardness with shaft speed

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Fig. 6. Microstructures and micro-hardness of cladding coating. （a） Bottom region；（b） middle region；（c） top region；（d） micro-hardness distribution along depth direction

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Fig. 7. Friction coefficient of cladding coating at different temperatures. （a） 35 ℃；（b） 80 ℃；（c） 125 ℃

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Fig. 8. Friction coefficient of 45 steel at different temperatures. （a） 35 ℃；（b） 80 ℃；（c） 125 ℃

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Fig. 9. Wear rate of laser cladding coating and 45 steel at different temperatures

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Fig. 10. Wear scar morphologies of substrate and cladding coating. （a） Wear surface of substrate；（b） wear surface of cladding coating; （c） three-dimensional profile of wear scar of matrix；（d） three-dimensional profile of wear scar of cladding layer

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Table 1. Chemical composition of Ni60AA powder
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Table 1. Chemical composition of Ni60AA powder
Element C B Cr Fe Si O Ni
Mass fraction /% 1.11 2.56 20.43 4.15 5.65 0.03 Bal.

Table 2. Parameter for single-factor test

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Table 2. Parameter for single-factor test

Group	Serial number	Power /W	Powder feeding rate /(g·min^-1)	Shaft speed /(r·min^-1)
1	1-1	600	14.2	2.5
	1-2	750	14.2	2.5
	1-3	950	14.2	2.5
	1-4	1200	14.2	2.5
	1-5	1500	14.2	2.5
	1-6	1800	14.2	2.5
	1-7	2200	14.2	2.5
	1-8	3700	14.2	2.5
	1-9	3400	14.2	2.5
2	2-1	2200	6.3	2.5
	2-2	2200	7.5	2.5
	2-3	2200	9.7	2.5
	2-4	2200	11.7	2.5
	2-5	2200	14.2	2.5
	2-6	2200	16.3	2.5
	2-7	2200	19.5	2.5
	2-8	2200	22.9	2.5
	2-9	2200	25.5	2.5
3	3-1	2200	14.2	1.0
	3-2	2200	14.2	1.5
	3-3	2200	14.2	2.0
	3-4	2200	14.2	2.5
	3-5	2200	14.2	3.0
	3-6	2200	14.2	3.5
	3-7	2200	14.2	4.0
	3-8	2200	14.2	4.5
	3-9	2200	14.2	5.0

Table 3. Powder feeding rate corresponding to different powder disc speeds
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Table 3. Powder feeding rate corresponding to different powder disc speeds
No. Disc speed /（r·min^-1） Powder feeding rate /（g·min^-1）
1 0.6 6.3
2 0.8 7.5
3 1.0 9.7
4 1.2 11.7
5 1.4 14.2
6 1.6 16.3
7 1.8 19.5
8 2.0 22.9
9 2.2 25.5

Table 4. Experimental factors and levels
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Table 4. Experimental factors and levels
Level Factor
Power /W Powder feeding rate /（g·min^-1） Shaft speed /（r·min^-1）
Level 1 1400 11.7 2.3
Level 2 1500 14.2 2.5
Level 3 1600 16.3 2.7

Table 5. Orthogonal experiment scheme
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Table 5. Orthogonal experiment scheme
No. Factor A Factor B Factor C
1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2
3 1 3 3
4 2 1 2
5 2 2 3
6 2 3 1
7 3 1 3
8 3 2 1
9 3 3 2

Table 6. Orthogonal experiment result
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Table 6. Orthogonal experiment result
No. Thickness /mm Dilution ratio /% Micro-hardness /HV
1 1.11 11.4 939
2 1.23 8.34 1034
3 1.32 4.90 1084
4 1.03 16.2 913
5 1.12 11.9 1019
6 1.54 9.46 983
7 1.03 18.1 965
8 1.35 13.6 954
9 1.42 11.2 1044

Table 7. Range analysis

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Table 7. Range analysis

Index		Factor A	Factor B	Factor C
Thickness /mm	K₁	1.22	1.06	1.33
	K₂	1.23	1.23	1.23
	K₃	1.27	1.43	1.16
	R	0.05	0.37	0.17
Dilution rate /%	K₁	8.21	15.23	11.49
	K₂	12.52	11.28	11.91
	K₃	14.30	8.52	11.63
	R	6.09	6.71	0.42
Micro-hardness /HV	K₁	1019	939	959
	K₂	972	1002	997
	K₃	988	1037	1023
	R	47	98	64

Table 8. Matrix analysis of various factors and levels

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Table 8. Matrix analysis of various factors and levels

Factor level
$A_{1}$	0.0278	0.2066	0.0769	0.1037
$A_{2}$	0.0280	0.1355	0.0734	0.0789
$A_{3}$	0.0289	0.1186	0.0746	0.0741
$B_{1}$	0.1787	0.1227	0.1478	0.1497
$B_{2}$	0.2074	0.1656	0.1578	0.1769
$B_{3}$	0.2411	0.2192	0.1633	0.2078
$C_{1}$	0.1030	0.0108	0.0986	0.0708
$C_{2}$	0.0953	0.0104	0.1025	0.0694
$C_{3}$	0.0898	0.0106	0.1052	0.0685

Table 9. EDS scanning at different positions in Fig. 6

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Table 9. EDS scanning at different positions in Fig. 6

Area	Mass fraction /%
Area	Ni	Fe	Cr	Si	C	B
A B C D E F G	23.56	69.48	4.03	1.85	1.08	-
	15.30	47.22	29.68	1.08	6.71	-
	28.13	56.59	11.03	0.78	3.48	-
	5.05	4.79	84.56	0.68	2.59	2.32
	38.99	7.73	40.40	3.12	9.77	-
	34.94	3.98	26.02	4.20	29.88	0.98
	22.17	3.80	50.59	2.81	20.63	-

Table 10. Wear scar width of substrate and cladding layer
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Table 10. Wear scar width of substrate and cladding layer
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean
Substrate 1142 1210 1255 1130 1178 1098 1055 1168 1289 1154 1167
Cladding layer 673 614 508 651 495 597 681 588 533 507 584

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Jun Wu, Dongdong Zhu, Richu Yang, Siyu Wu, Yan Huang, Yuliang Zhang. Parameters Optimization and Friction and Wear Properties for Laser Cladding Ni60AA Coating on 45 Steel Shaft Surface[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(11): 1114008

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