A low-cost portable microimaging system was designed to address the limitations of traditional microscopes in the immediate point-of-care testing (POCT) environment, including their inability to perform rapid image acquisition and their large size and high price. The system is based on a fully programmable ZYNQ system-on-chip to achieve rapid image acquisition and overall control, utilizing its parallel processing capability and efficient data stream processing to enable fast and simple sample detection. The mechanical structure was designed using NX12.0 and manufactured using three-dimensional printing technology. The device is compact (~20 cm³), lightweight (~2 kg), and low-cost (~1400 yuan). Test results show that the system transmission rate reached 60 frame/s corresponding to Gigabit Ethernet transmission speed, and the resolution under the 10× objective lens reached the resolution plate limit of 2.19 μm. Hence, the system enables quick acquisition and analysis of sample images, thereby meeting the need for simplified testing methods and portable equipment in the medical testing field.