Fig. 1. Working principle of SHWS. (a) Schematic of working principle of SHWS; (b) detection principle of average slope of single wave surface

Fig. 2. Simulation and verification of random distorted wavefront phase different of atmospheric turbulence. (a) Typical simulated wavefront phase; (b) theoretical and simulation values of Zernike coefficient variance

Fig. 3. Subaperture arrangement and light pattern of SHWS. (a) Subaperture segmentation; (b) light pattern

Fig. 4. Southwell model

Fig. 5. Reconstruction process diagram of modal and zonal algorithms. (a) Zonal algorithm: original wavefront; (b) zonal algorithm: reconstructed wavefront; (c) zonal algorithm: residual plot; (d) modal algorithm: original wavefront; (e) modal algorithm: reconstructed wavefront; (f) modal algorithm: residual plot

Fig. 6. Wavefront reconstruction error impact factors of the slope zeroing for single subaperture. (a) Zonal algorithm; (b) modal algorithm

Fig. 7. Wavefront reconstruction error impact factors after single subaperture removal

Fig. 8. Discontinuous subaperture region A--J of lack of light

Fig. 9. Continuous subaperture region K--P of lack of light

Fig. 10. Relative wavefront reconstruction errors of subapertures slope zeroing and removal. (a) A--J region; (b) K--P region