Fig. 1. Detectable frequency range of a fluorescence microscope with wide-field illumination^[14]

Fig. 2. Principles of SR-SIM^[14]. After the wide-field fluorescence microscope is switched to be illuminated by the sine intensity structure illumination with frequency p_θ and the direction θ, the spectrum S˙(k) of the fluorescence sample will be mov

Fig. 3. Reconstruct SR-SIM image^[14]. (a)(b)(c) Observable frequency information content of a fluorescent dye sample under unidirectional structured light illumination is a linear combination of three circular regions, see equation (5); (d) frequency information content covered by the combination of the three directions can be used to construct a super-resolution image of the sample; (e)(f)(g) frequency information content obtained after the frequency co

Fig. 4. MAP-SIM imaging effect and algorithm flow chart^[49].(a) Comparison of imaging effects between the classic structured illumination microscopy Wiener reconstruction algorithm and the maximum posterior probability structured illumination microscopy algorithm; (b) flow chart of maximum posterior probability structured lighting microscopy algorithm

Fig. 5. Hessian-SIM system hardware diagram, long-term imaging effect comparison and algorithm flow chart^[12,73]. (a) Hessian-SIM system hardware diagram(AOTF represents acousto-optic tunable filter; L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 represent lenses; PBS represents polarization beam splitter; HWP represents half-wave plate; SLM represents spatial light modulator; PR represents polarization rotator; DM represents dichroic mirr