Janus membranes can realize the unidirectional transport of underwater bubbles, which is of great significance to academic research and industrial applications. In this paper, the conical microporous arrays on the upper and lower surfaces of zinc foils are prepared by nanosecond pulsed laser drilling combined with heating treatment. Additionally, the Janus zinc foils, which have the upper and lower surfaces with different roughness and microstructures, are developed through the control of laser processing parameters. Then, the unidirectional transport of underwater bubbles is studied on the prepared foils and the chemical composition of the zinc foil surface is analyzed by an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the change in the wettability of the zinc foil surface is mainly attributed to the adsorption and desorption of hydrophilic hydroxyl during laser drilling and heating treatment. Observing the dynamic behavior of underwater bubbles by a high-definition industrial camera, we find that the bubbles can penetrate from the aerophobic surface to the aerophilic surface within 0.6 s, but will be blocked in the opposite direction. In addition, the increase in the pulsed laser energy within a certain range can not only increase the micropore size and the hydrophobicity of the zinc foil surface but also significantly raise the transport rate of bubbles. The transport characteristics of bubbles on the Janus zinc foils are mainly attributed to the co-action of surface micro-nano structures and chemical compositions. In a word, this study can provide a new perspective for the design of advanced materials in the fields of ultra-high-speed bubble capture, transport, collection, and gas-liquid separation.