50 GHz optical true time delay beamforming in hybrid optical/mm-wave access networks with multi-core optical fiber distribution

Álvaro Morales; Idelfonso Tafur Monroy; Fredrik Nordwall; Tommi Sørensen

doi:10.3788/COL201816.040603

Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 16, Issue 4, 040603(2018)

50 GHz optical true time delay beamforming in hybrid optical/mm-wave access networks with multi-core optical fiber distribution On the Cover

Álvaro Morales^1、*, Idelfonso Tafur Monroy¹, Fredrik Nordwall², and Tommi Sørensen³

Author Affiliations

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, Electro-Optical Communications, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

²Tektronix AB, Kista, Sweden

³GoMeasure ApS, Albertslund, Denmark

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Figures & Tables(8)

Fig. 1. Hybrid optical/mm-wave access network with beamforming capabilities. CO, central office; MCF, multi-core fiber; RAU, radio access unit.

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Fig. 2. Principle of optical true time delay beamforming in a linear phased antenna array.

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Fig. 3. Experimental setup. CO, central office; RAU, radio access unit; CW, continuous wave; PC, polarization controller; VSG, vector signal generator; RF, radio frequency; MZM, Mach–Zehnder modulator; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; NRZ, non-return-to-zero; VOA, variable optical attenuator; OTDL, optical time delay line; MCF, multi-core fiber; PD, photodiode. (a) Beamformer network. (b) PD array. (c) Captured signals.

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Fig. 4. Experimental demonstration of proposed OTTD beamforming scheme in four scenarios: Δτ=−1/4fc, Δτ=0, Δτ=1/4fc, and Δτ=1/2fc.

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Fig. 5. Delay variation with time in four scenarios: Δτ=−1/4fc, τ=0, Δτ=1/4fc, and Δτ=1/2fc.

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Fig. 6. Eye diagrams of demodulated signals.

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Table 1. Measured Insertion Loss and Cross-talk at 1550 nm for the Seven-core Fiber
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Table 1. Measured Insertion Loss and Cross-talk at 1550 nm for the Seven-core Fiber
Core 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Insertion loss (dB) 3.1 5.3 4.0 3.9 3.8 4.7 4.0
Cross-talk (dB) $- 32.0$ $- 34.7$ $- 36.2$ $- 37.6$ $- 34.8$ $- 32.2$ $- 35.0$

Table 2. Measured Results of Delay Between Two Channels

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Table 2. Measured Results of Delay Between Two Channels

Beamforming Network Delay (ps)	Average Delay (ps)	Absolute Error	Standard Deviation	Maximum Deviation
$- 5$	$- 5.18$	0.18 ps/1.03°	0.11 ps/0.63°	0.48 ps/2.75°
0	0.10	0.10 ps/0.57°	0.14 ps/0.80°	0.40 ps/2.29°
5	4.66	0.34 ps/1.95°	0.12 ps/0.69°	0.46 ps/2.64°
10	10.20	0.20 ps/1.15°	0.13 ps/0.74°	0.50 ps/2.87°

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Álvaro Morales, Idelfonso Tafur Monroy, Fredrik Nordwall, Tommi Sørensen, "50 GHz optical true time delay beamforming in hybrid optical/mm-wave access networks with multi-core optical fiber distribution," Chin. Opt. Lett. 16, 040603 (2018)

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