[1] Liu S H. Current situation of laser development[J]. Physics Bulletin, 156-160(1966).

[2] Zhou P[M]. Coherent beam combination technology of fiber lasers(2015).

[3] Yu C X, Augst S J, Redmond S M et al. Coherent combining of a 4 kW, eight-element fiber amplifier array[J]. Optics Letters, 36, 2686-2688(2011).

[4] Shay T M, Benham V, Baker J T et al. Self-synchronous and self-referenced coherent beam combination for large optical arrays[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 13, 480-486(2007).

[5] Weyrauch T, Vorontsov M, Mangano J et al. Deep turbulence effects mitigation with coherent combining of 21 laser beams over 7 km[J]. Optics Letters, 41, 840-843(2016).

[6] Brignon A[M]. Coherent laser beam combining(2013).

[7] Zhou J, He B, Xue Y H et al. Study on passive coherent beam combination technology of high power fiber laser arrays[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 31, 0900129(2011).

[8] Ma Y, Yan H, Sun Y H et al. Recent progress of key technologies for spectral beam combining of fiber laser with dual-gratings configuration (Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 47, 0103002(2018).

[9] Liu J Y, Li Z Q, Yang R et al. Research progress of coherent beam combining technique of phased fiber laser array[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 35, 041003(2023).

[10] Huang P, Fang S B, Huang H D et al. Coherent synthesis of ultrashort pulses based on balanced optical cross-correlator[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 67, 244204(2018).

[11] Bi G Y, Yu C M, Liu B W et al. Coherent beam combining of femtosecond third-harmonic generators: towards high-power, high-beam-quality UV light generation[J]. Optics Letters, 49, 1911-1914(2024).

[12] Yang K W, Hao Q, Zeng H P. Advances in ultrashort divided-pulse amplification systems (Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 47, 0103004(2018).

[13] Zhou P, He B. Preface to the column “fiber laser beam synthesis”[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 47, 11(2018).

[14] Li X Y, Zhou P. Special issue on laser beam combining technology[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 35, 041000(2023).

[15] Zhou J, Zhou P. Workshop on laser beam synthesis[EB/OL]. http:∥www.htcis.net/Meeting-NewsInfo/Index/20191209-NSIF-38E74177

[16] Zhou P. From “laser combining” to “combining laser”: beam combination technology empowers lasers[EB/OL]. https:∥mp.weixin.qq.com/s/cm_JhDWpLRFC6n5l1iwucQ

[17] Wu H, Shu S L, Liu F Q et al. High-efficiency beam combination of continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 42, 0702005(2015).

[18] Guo L H, Jiang Q W, Wu H L et al. High-brightness blue semiconductor laser source based on grating spectral beam combining[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 1301007(2024).

[19] Zheng Y, Yang Y F, Zhao X et al. Research progress on spectral beam combining technology of high-power fiber lasers[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 44, 0201002(2017).

[20] Liu X X, Wang X F, Wang J L et al. External cavity spectral beam combining of fiber lasers[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 45, 0801009(2018).

[21] Di P C, Wang X J, Wang R J et al. Spectral beam combing in solid-state lasers[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 32, 121008(2020).

[22] Tian B Y, Peng Y N, Hu Q Q et al. Review of optical phased array technology and its applications[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 35, 041001(2023).

[23] Jiang M, Ma P F, Su R T et al. Research progress and prospect of spectral beam combining (Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 49, 20201053(2020).

[24] Zhou P, Su R T, Ma Y X et al. Review of coherent laser beam combining research progress in the past decade[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 48, 0401003(2021).

[25] Zhou P, Su R T, Ma Y X et al. Coherent beam combining of fiber lasers by actively phase control[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 43, 1700001(2023).

[26] Wang X L, Zhou P, Su R T et al. Current situation, tendency and challenge of coherent combining of high power fiber lasers[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 44, 0201001(2017).

[27] Zhou P. Fundamentals of high-average-power fiber laser technology: mode[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 30, 060201(2018).

[28] Mohring B, Dietrich S, Tassini L et al. High-energy laser activities at MBDA Germany[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 8733, 873304(2013).

[29] Jin D C, Duan Y F, Sun Q et al. 150 kW ultra high power fiber laser[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 1416001(2024).

[30] Kawahito Y, Wang H Z, Katayama S et al. Ultra high power (100 kW) fiber laser welding of steel[J]. Optics Letters, 43, 4667-4670(2018).

[31] Zhou P, Huang L J, Leng J Y et al. High-power double-cladding fiber lasers: a 30-year overview[J]. Scientia Sinica (Technologica), 50, 123-135(2020).

[33] Sun J P, Liu L, Han L H et al. 100 kW ultra high power fiber laser[J]. Optics Continuum, 1, 1932-1938(2022).

[37] Zhou P, Xu J M, Jiang M et al. Advanced methods for typical parameter measurements of high-power lasers[J]. National Defense Technology, 44, 9-19(2023).

[38] Sun Q, Ma C, Lin Y D et al. High-power laser measurement device based on light pressure principle[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 48, 0315002(2021).

[39] Tao R M, Wang X L, Xiao H et al. Coherent beam combination of fiber lasers with a strongly confined tapered self-imaging waveguide: theoretical modeling and simulation[J]. Photonics Research, 1, 186-196(2013).

[40] Li Y W, Liu Y, Xie L H et al. Realization of high stability near single-mode 10 thousand watt laser output by all-fiber coherent synthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 50, 0316001(2023).

[41] Jiang Z F, Lu Y, Liu W G et al. All-fiber spatial mode excitation and adaptive control based on photonic lanterns[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 43, 1700002(2023).

[42] Zhou J, He B, Qi Y F et al. High‑power fiber laser technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 1101021(2024).

[43] Afzal R S, Honea E, Savage-Leuchs M et al. Spectrally beam combined fiber lasers for high power, efficiency, and brightness[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 8547, 854706(2012).

[44] Honea E, Afzal R S, Savage-Leuchs M et al. Advances in fiber laser spectral beam combining for power scaling[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 9730, 97300Y(2016).

[45] Ma Y, Yan H, Tian F et al. Common aperture spectral beam combination of fiber lasers with 5 kW power high-efficiency and high-quality output[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 27, 040101(2015).

[46] Zheng Y, Yang Y F, Wang J H et al. 10.8 kW spectral beam combination of eight all-fiber superfluorescent sources and their dispersion compensation[J]. Optics Express, 24, 12063-12071(2016).

[47] Ma Y, Yan H, Peng W J et al. 9.6 kW common aperture spectral beam combination system based on multi-channel narrow-linewidth fiber lasers[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 43, 0901009(2016).

[48] Schmidt O, Andersen T V, Limpert J et al. 187 W, 3.7 mJ from spectrally combined pulsed 2 ns fiber amplifiers[J]. Optics Letters, 34, 226-228(2009).

[49] Schmidt O, Wirth C, Tsybin I et al. Average power of 1.1 kW from spectrally combined, fiber-amplified, nanosecond-pulsed sources[J]. Optics Letters, 34, 1567-1569(2009).

[50] Li Z, Li J Z, Zhang K et al. Spectrally-combined nanosecond pulsed fiber laser with an average power of 360 W[J]. Laser & Infrared, 51, 1610-1613(2021).

[51] Regelskis K, Hou K C, Raciukaitis G et al. Spatial-dispersion-free spectral beam combining of high power pulsed Yb-doped fiber lasers[C](2008).

[52] Schmidt O, Wirth C, Nodop D et al. Spectral beam combination of fiber amplified ns-pulses by means of interference filters[J]. Optics Express, 17, 22974-22982(2009).

[53] Strecker M, Plötner M, Stutzki F et al. Highly efficient dual-grating 3-channel spectral beam combining of narrow-linewidth monolithic CW Yb-doped fiber amplifiers up to 5.5 kW[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 10897, 108970E(2019).

[54] Chen F, Ma J, Wei C et al. 10 kW-level spectral beam combination of two high power broad-linewidth fiber lasers by means of edge filters[J]. Optics Express, 25, 32783-32791(2017).

[55] Yang B L, Wang P, Zhang H W et al. 8 kW near-single-mode fiber laser based on broad-spectrum laser dichroic mirror synthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 49, 0816001(2022).

[56] Sun R F, Zhang K, Zhang L M et al. 9.6 kW combined light source using dichroic-mirror-based spectral beam combining[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 35, 121004(2023).

[57] Xi X M, Yang B L, Wang P et al. Over 10-kW fiber laser spectral beam combination based on dichromatic mirrors[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 72, 184203(2023).

[58] Wang P, Xi X M, Meng X M et al. Active control of spectral synthesis tilt jitter to realize 8 kW near single mode output[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 50, 2116001(2023).

[59] Ehrenreich T, Leveille R, Majid I et al. 1-kW, all-glass Tm∶fiber laser[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 7580, 758012(2010).

[60] Ren C Y, Shen Y Q, Zheng Y Q et al. Widely-tunable all-fiber Tm doped MOPA with  >1 kW of output power[J]. Optics Express, 31, 22733-22739(2023).

[61] Anderson B M, Soloman J, Flores A. 1.1 kW, beam combinable thulium doped all-fiber amplifier[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 11665, 116650B(2021).

[62] Liu H, Wang H Y, Wang J W et al. 2 μm ultra-narrow linewidth fiber laser achieves 1 kW near-diffraction-limited output[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 36, 071001(2024).

[63] Chen J M, Zhang Y B, Wang Y L et al. Polarization-independent broadband beam combining grating with over 98% measured diffraction efficiency from 1023 to 1080 nm[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 4016-4019(2017).

[64] Jiang M, Ma P F, Zhou P et al. Spectral beam combining of fiber laser with wavelength separation broader than 60 nm[J]. Laser Physics, 26, 115104(2016).

[65] Chu Q H, Shu Q, Liu Y et al. 3 kW high OSNR 1030 nm single-mode monolithic fiber amplifier with a 180 pm linewidth[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 6502-6505(2020).

[66] Fan C C, Fu M, Hao X L et al. All-fiber Raman oscillator with 1.8 kW output power[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 53, 20240031(2024).

[67] Fan C C, Fu M, Yao T F et al. The output power of all-fiber Raman amplifier exceeds 4 kW[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 0616001(2024).

[68] Želudevičius J, Regelskis K, Račiukaitis G. Experimental demonstration of pulse multiplexing and beam combining of four fiber lasers by noncollinear frequency conversion in an LBO crystal[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 175-178(2017).

[69] Želudevičius J, Rutkauskas R, Regelskis K. Coherent beam combining of pulsed fiber amplifiers by noncolinear sum-frequency generation[J]. Optics Letters, 44, 1813-1816(2019).

[70] Albrodt P, Jamal M T, Hansen A K et al. Coherent combining of high brightness tapered amplifiers for efficient non-linear conversion[J]. Optics Express, 27, 928-937(2019).

[71] Durécu A, Canat G, Le Gouët J et al. Coherent combining of SHG converters[C](2014).

[72] Bourdon P, Durécu A, Canat G et al. Coherent combining of fiber-laser-pumped frequency converters using all fiber electro-optic modulator for active phase control[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 9344, 93441S(2015).

[73] Odier A, Durécu A, Melkonian J M et al. Coherent combining of fiber-laser-pumped 3.4 μm frequency converters[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 10083, 1008319(2017).

[74] Odier A, Chtouki R, Bourdon P et al. Coherent combining of mid-infrared difference frequency generators[J]. Optics Letters, 44, 566-569(2019).

[75] Tsubakimoto K, Yoshida H, Miyanaga N. 600 W green and 300 W UV light generated from an eight-beam, sub-nanosecond fiber laser system[J]. Optics Letters, 42, 3255-3258(2017).

[76] Bi G Y, Liu B W, Yu C M et al. Coherent beam combining-based high-power green femtosecond laser system[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 52, 0201003(2025).

[77] Müller M, Aleshire C, Klenke A et al. 10.4 kW coherently combined ultrafast fiber laser[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 3083-3086(2020).

[78] Stark H, Benner M, Buldt J et al. Pulses of 32 mJ and 158 fs at 20-kHz repetition rate from a spatiotemporally combined fiber laser system[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 3007-3010(2023).

[79] Fsaifes I, Daniault L, Bellanger S et al. Coherent beam combining of 61 femtosecond fiber amplifiers[J]. Optics Express, 28, 20152-20161(2020).

[80] Hanna M, Guichard F, Zaouter Y et al. Coherent combination of ultrafast fiber amplifiers[J]. Journal of Physics B: Atomic Molecular Physics, 49, 062004(2016).

[81] Klenke A, Müller M, Stark H et al. Coherent beam combination of ultrafast fiber lasers[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 24, 0902709(2018).

[82] Wang J S, Zhang Y, Wang J L et al. Recent progress of coherent combining technology in femtosecond fiber lasers[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 70, 034206(2021).

[83] Liu B D, Huang Z M, Zhang F et al. Recent progress of temporal coherent combination of chirped pulses in fiber lasers[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 35, 111001(2023).

[84] Klenke A, Steinkopff A, Bahri M et al. Rod-type multicore fiber with 49 cores for coherent beam combination of femtosecond pulses[C], ATh3A.6(2023).

[85] Steinkopff A, Jauregui C, Aleshire C et al. Impact of thermo-optical effects in coherently combined multicore fiber amplifiers[J]. Optics Express, 28, 38093-38105(2020).

[86] Zhou S A, Wise F W, Ouzounov D G. Divided-pulse amplification of ultrashort pulses[J]. Optics Letters, 32, 871-873(2007).

[87] Stark H, Müller M, Kienel M et al. Electro-optically controlled divided-pulse amplification[J]. Optics Express, 25, 13494-13503(2017).

[88] Breitkopf S, Eidam T, Klenke A et al. A concept for multiterawatt fibre lasers based on coherent pulse stacking in passive cavities[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 3, e211(2014).

[89] Zhang Z G. Coherent pulse stacking: an innovation beyond the chirped pulse amplification[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 54, 120001(2017).

[90] Zhou T, Ruppe J, Zhu C et al. Coherent pulse stacking amplification using low-finesse Gires-Tournois interferometers[J]. Optics Express, 23, 7442-7462(2015).

[91] Pei H Z, Ruppe J, Chen S Y et al. 10 mJ energy extraction from Yb-doped 85 µm core CCC fiber using coherent pulse stacking amplification of fs pulses[C], AW4A.4(2017).

[92] Kienel M, Müller M, Klenke A et al. 12 mJ kW-class ultrafast fiber laser system using multidimensional coherent pulse addition[J]. Optics Letters, 41, 3343-3346(2016).

[93] Stark H, Buldt J, Müller M et al. 23 mJ high-power fiber CPA system using electro-optically controlled divided-pulse amplification[J]. Optics Letters, 44, 5529-5532(2019).

[94] Ma P F, Tao R M, Wang X L et al. Coherent polarization beam combination of four mode-locked fiber MOPAs in picosecond regime[J]. Optics Express, 22, 4123-4130(2014).

[95] Huang Z M, Geng D X, Liu B D et al. Short pulse time domain coherent beam combining based on Gires-Tournois interference cavity[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 0716003(2024).

[96] Su R T, Zhou P, Zhang P F et al. Review on the progress in coherent beam combining of ultra-short fiber lasers (Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 47, 0103001(2018).

[97] Shi Z, Wang J S, Zhang Y et al. Generation of 107 W, 1.07 mJ femtosecond pulses from chirped- and divided-pulse Sagnac Yb-fiber amplifiers by suppression of static mode degradation[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 40, 2429-2433(2023).

[98] Wu Y F, Yang B W, Song Y R et al. Coherent combining 64 femtosecond pulses into mJ by delay line stacking of a fiber laser[C], ATh3A.4(2023).

[99] Xie G H, Luo D P, Tang Z Q et al. 132 W 132 μJ femtosecond pulses from a coherently combined system of two rod-type photonic crystal fibers[J]. Photonics, 10, 1138(2023).

[100] Wang T, Li C, Liu Y et al. Coherent polarization beam combination of two ultrafast laser channels based on fiber stretcher phase locking[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 52, 20220869(2023).

[101] Ren B, Chang H X, Li C et al. Coherent beam combining of two all-PM thulium-doped fiber chirped pulse amplifiers[J]. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 17, 14(2024).

[102] Zhang J Y, Ren B, Li C et al. Efficient coherent polarization synthesis of eight-channel ultrafast fiber laser[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 1516001(2024).

[103] Peng S X, Wang Z H, Hu F L et al. 260 fs, 403 W coherently combined fiber laser with precise high-order dispersion management[J]. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 17, 3(2024).

[104] Taylor L R, Feng Y, Calia D B. 50W CW visible laser source at 589 nm obtained via frequency doubling of three coherently combined narrow-band Raman fibre amplifiers[J]. Optics Express, 18, 8540-8555(2010).

[105] Lombard L, Valla M, Planchat C et al. Eyesafe coherent detection wind lidar based on a beam-combined pulsed laser source[J]. Optics Letters, 40, 1030-1033(2015).

[106] Wei L W, Cleva F, Man C N. Coherently combined master oscillator fiber power amplifiers for Advanced Virgo[J]. Optics Letters, 41, 5817-5820(2016).

[107] Bi M Z, Su Y W, Ma W Z et al. Space laser communication system based on fiber laser phased array[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 37, 938-941(2016).

[108] Geng C, Li F, Zuo J et al. Fiber laser transceiving and wavefront aberration mitigation with adaptive distributed aperture array for free-space optical communications[J]. Optics Letters, 45, 1906-1909(2020).

[109] Billault V, Leveque S, Maho A et al. Optical coherent combining of high-power optical amplifiers for free-space optical communications[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 3649-3652(2023).

[110] Balasiano O, Wohlgemuth E, Attia I et al. Demonstration of coherent beam combining for atmospheric free space optical communication over 10 km[J/OL]. Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[111] Shu B W, Zhang Y Q, Chang H X et al. Integrated coherent beam combining system for orbital-angular-momentum shift-keying-based free-space optical links[J]. Advanced Photonics Nexus, 3, 036003(2024).

[112] Yang Y, Geng C, Li F et al. Multi-aperture all-fiber active coherent beam combining for free-space optical communication receivers[J]. Optics Express, 25, 27519-27532(2017).

[113] Belmonte A. Capacity of coherent laser downlinks[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 32, 2128-2132(2014).

[114] Geisler D J, Yarnall T M, Schieler C M et al. Experimental demonstration of multi-aperture digital coherent combining over a 3.2-km free-space link[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 10096, 100960C(2017).

[115] Zou F, Pan Z T, Liu J Y et al. Turbulence compensation for receiving and coherent combining via phased fiber laser array[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 35, 733-736(2023).

[116] Hou T Y, Zhang Y Q, Chang Q et al. High-power vortex beam generation enabled by a phased beam array fed at the nonfocal-plane[J]. Optics Express, 27, 4046-4059(2019).

[117] Zhi D, Hou T Y, Ma P F et al. Comprehensive investigation on producing high-power orbital angular momentum beams by coherent combining technology[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 7, e33(2019).

[118] Long J H, Hou T Y, Chang Q et al. Generation of optical vortex lattices by a coherent beam combining system[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 3665-3668(2021).

[119] Veinhard M, Bellanger S, Daniault L et al. Orbital angular momentum beams generation from 61 channels coherent beam combining femtosecond digital laser[J]. Optics Letters, 46, 25-28(2021).

[120] Long J H, Jin K K, Chen Q et al. Generating the 1.5 kW mode-tunable fractional vortex beam by a coherent beam combining system[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 5021-5024(2023).

[121] Liu S X, Liu H, Qi X P et al. Coherent beam combining of cylindrical vector beams for power scaling[J]. Optics Letters, 48, 5121-5124(2023).

[122] Ju P, Fan W H, Gao W et al. Generation of perfect vectorial vortex beams by employing coherent beam combining[J]. Optics Express, 31, 11885-11898(2023).

[123] Adamov E V, Bogach E A, Dudorov V V et al. Controlling the polarization structure of vector beams synthesized by a fiber laser array[J]. Optics Communications, 559, 130399(2024).

[124] Jin K K, Chang H X, Long J H et al. Generation of arbitrary cylindrical vector beams by an all-fiber coherent beam combining system[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 125, 021108(2024).

[125] Shu B W, Zhang Y Q, Chang H X et al. Flexible modulation of perfect vortex beams by combining coherent beams[J]. Photonics, 11, 385(2024).

[126] Wagner J, Leis A, Armon N et al. Coherent beam combining-unlimited flexibility in laser material processing: an analysis of the effects of CBC on the laser welding process[J]. PhotonicsViews, 19, 60-63(2022).

[127] Civan. The most advanced dynamic beam shaping capabilities for superior control of keyhole and melt pool[EB/OL]. https:∥www.civanlasers.com/technology

[128] Hou T Y, An Y, Chang Q et al. Deep-learning-based phase control method for tiled aperture coherent beam combining systems[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 7, e59(2019).

[129] Tünnermann H, Shirakawa A. Deep reinforcement learning for coherent beam combining applications[J]. Optics Express, 27, 24223-24230(2019).

[130] Shpakovych M, Maulion G, Kermene V et al. Experimental phase control of a 100 laser beam array with quasi-reinforcement learning of a neural network in an error reduction loop[J]. Optics Express, 29, 12307-12318(2021).

[131] Wu H S, Jiang M, Zhou P. Artificial intelligence-assisted laser science and technology: status, opportunities, and challenges[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 50, 1101001(2023).

[132] Chang Q, Hou T Y, Long J H et al. Experimental phase stabilization of a 397-channel laser beam array via image processing in dynamic noise environment[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 40, 6542-6547(2022).

[133] Chang Q, Gao Z Q, Deng Y et al. Coherent synthesis of fiber laser breaks through thousands of paths under strong noise[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 50, 0616001(2023).

[134] Shaykin A, Kostyukov I, Sergeev A et al. Prospects of PEARL 10 and XCELS laser facilities[J]. The Review of Laser Engineering, 42, 141-144(2014).

[135] Kühn S, Dumergue M, Kahaly S et al. The ELI-ALPS facility: the next generation of attosecond sources[J]. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 50, 132002(2017).

[136] Mourou G, Brocklesby B, Tajima T et al. The future is fibre accelerators[J]. Nature Photonics, 7, 258-261(2013).

[137] Soulard R, Quinn M N, Mourou G. Design and properties of a coherent amplifying network laser[J]. Applied Optics, 54, 4640-4645(2015).

[138] Long J H, Su R T, Hou T Y et al. System design for coherent combined massive fiber laser array based on cascaded internal phase control[J]. Applied Optics, 61, 10222-10227(2022).

[139] Zhou P, Ma P F, Su R T et al. Coherent beam combining as a multidisciplinary education and training environment[C], Th3A.4(2021).

[140] Jiang Z F, Sun Q, Zhou P et al. Virtual simulation of fiber laser coherent beam combination[EB/OL]. https:∥www.ilab-x.com/details/page?id=5040

[141] Uberna R, Bratcher A, Tiemann B G. Coherent polarization beam combination[J]. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 46, 1191-1196(2010).

[142] Müller M, Kienel M, Klenke A et al. 1 kW 1 mJ eight-channel ultrafast fiber laser[J]. Optics Letters, 41, 3439-3442(2016).

[143] Geng C, Yang Y, Li F et al. Research progress of fiber laser coherent combining[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 45, 170692(2018).

[144] Yang K W, Zhu G S, Hao Q et al. Coherent polarization beam combination by microcontroller-based phase-locking method[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 28, 2129-2132(2016).

[145] Liu Z J, Zhou P, Ma P F et al. Coherent polarization combination of four fiber amplifiers with high power and narrow line width to achieve 5 kW high brightness laser output[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 44, 0415004(2017).

[146] Mueller M, Klenke A, Stark H et al. 16 channel coherently-combined ultrafast fiber laser[C], AW4A.3(2017).

[147] Yan D Y, Liu B W, Song H Y et al. Research status and development trend of high power femtosecond fiber laser amplifiers[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 46, 0508012(2019).

[148] Chang G Q, Wei Z Y. Ultrafast fiber lasers: an expanding versatile toolbox[J]. iScience, 23, 101101(2020).

[149] Guichard F, Hanna M, Lombard L et al. Two-channel pulse synthesis to overcome gain narrowing in femtosecond fiber amplifiers[J]. Optics Letters, 38, 5430-5433(2013).

[150] Chang W Z, Zhou T, Siiman L A et al. Femtosecond pulse spectral synthesis in coherently-spectrally combined multi-channel fiber chirped pulse amplifiers[J]. Optics Express, 21, 3897-3910(2013).

[151] Ge A C, Liu B W, Chen W et al. Generation of few-cycle laser pulses by coherent synthesis based on a femtosecond Yb-doped fiber laser amplification system[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 17, 041403(2019).

[152] Chen S Y, Zhou T, Du Q et al. Broadband spectral combining of three pulse-shaped fiber amplifiers with 42 fs compressed pulse duration[J]. Optics Express, 31, 12717-12724(2023).

[153] Schulz W. Fiber lasers poised to advance lab’s development of practical laser-plasma accelerators[EB/OL]. https:∥newscenter.lbl.gov/2021/12/06/fiber-lasers-poised-to-advance-berkeley-labs-development-of-practical-laser-plasma-accelerators/

[154] Mainz R E, Rossi G M, Cirmi G et al. High-dynamic-range arrival time control for flexible, accurate and precise parametric sub-cycle waveform synthesis[J]. Optics Express, 25, 3052-3068(2017).

[155] Fang S B, Wei Z Y. Sub-optical-cycle coherent waveform synthesis[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 39, 0126006(2019).

[156] Rossi G M, Mainz R E, Yang Y D et al. Sub-cycle millijoule-level parametric waveform synthesizer for attosecond science[J]. Nature Photonics, 14, 629-635(2020).

[157] Daneu V, Sanchez A, Fan T Y et al. Spectral beam combining of a broad-stripe diode laser array in an external cavity[J]. Optics Letters, 25, 405-407(2000).

[158] Levy J L, Roh K. Coherent array of 900 semiconductor laser amplifiers[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2382, 58-69(1995).

[159] Zhou P, Chang H X, Su R T et al. Research history and prospects of coherent beam combining of fiber lasers: from perspective of citations (Invited)[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 0121002(2024).

[160] Hao X L, Li Y, Fan C C et al. LD cladding pumped Raman fiber laser achieves kilowatt output for the first time[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 49, 2416004(2022).

[161] Zhang Z H, Wei F, Wu H M et al. Coherent beam combining baser source based on an injection‑locked DFB laser array using planar lightwave circuit technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 50, 1901009(2023).

[162] Wang K, Cai J, Ding Y et al. Study on polarization beam combining experimental of mid-infrared quantum cascade laser[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 51, 20210679(2022).

[163] Zhang M, Wang X, Yang S H et al. High-efficiency fiber combining of long-wave infrared quantum cascade lasers[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 44, 0814003(2024).

[164] Zhang Z H, Wei F, Wu H M et al. Coherent beam combining laser source based on an injection-locked DFB laser array using planar lightwave circuit technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 50, 1901009(2023).

[165] Dong Y J, Liu J, Zhao X R et al. Coherent beam combining of 976 nm diode laser based on photonic lantern[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 61, 0514006(2024).

[166] Zhang C, Lin X C, Zhao P F et al. Coherent beam combining technology for diode lasers (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 61, 0114007(2024).

[167] Vorontsov M A, Sivokon V P. Stochastic parallel-gradient-descent technique for high-resolution wave-front phase-distortion correction[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 15, 2745-2758(1998).

[168] Yang H Z, Li X Y, Jiang W H. Comparison of several stochastic parallel optimization control algorithms for adaptive optics system[J]. High Power Laser and Particle Beams, 20, 11-16(2008).

[169] Zhou P, Liu Z J, Wang X L et al. Theoretical and experimental investigation on coherent beam combining of fiber lasers using SPGD algorithm[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 29, 2232-2237(2009).

[170] Huang Z M, Tang X, Liu C L et al. Stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm with a variable gain coefficient and its application in coherent beam combining[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 42, 0402004(2015).

[171] Zhou P, Liu Z J, Wang X L et al. Coherent beam combining of fiber amplifiers using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm and its application[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 15, 248-256(2009).

[172] Wu J, Ma Y X, Ma P F et al. Fiber laser coherent synthesis 20 kW high power output[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 50, 20210621(2021).

[173] Chang H X, Chang Q, Xi J C et al. First experimental demonstration of coherent beam combining of more than 100 beams[J]. Photonics Research, 8, 1943-1948(2020).

[174] Lü H B, Zhou P, Wang X L et al. Fast and accurate modal decomposition of multimode fiber based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm[J]. Applied Optics, 52, 2905-2908(2013).

[175] Huang L J, Lü H B, Zhou P et al. Modal analysis of fiber laser beam by using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 27, 2280-2283(2015).

[176] Chen F, Zhao S B, Wang Q et al. Modal decomposition of a fibre laser beam based on the push-broom stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm[J]. Optics Communications, 481, 126538(2021).

[177] Zhang H, Xu L, Guo Y F et al. Application of AdamSPGD algorithm to sensor-less adaptive optics in coherent free-space optical communication system[J]. Optics Express, 30, 7477-7490(2022).

[178] Hirose M, Miyamura N, Sato S. Deviation-based wavefront correction using the SPGD algorithm for high-resolution optical remote sensing[J]. Applied Optics, 61, 6722-6728(2022).

[179] Wu J L, Hu C W, Liu R H et al. Adam SPGD algorithm in freeform surface in-process interferometry[J]. Optics Express, 30, 32528-32539(2022).

[180] Jiang M, Su R T, Wang X L et al. Time-domain characteristic regulation of pulse fiber amplifier based on stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 54, 030604(2017).

[181] Zhou P, Ma P F, Liu W et al. High power, narrow linewidth all-fiber amplifiers[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 11981, 119810P(2022).

[182] Ren S, Lai W C, Wang G J et al. Experimental study on the impact of signal bandwidth on the transverse mode instability threshold of fiber amplifiers[J]. Optics Express, 30, 7845-7853(2022).

[183] Wang G J, Song J X, Chen Y S et al. Six kilowatt record all-fiberized and narrow-linewidth fiber amplifier with near-diffraction-limited beam quality[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 10, e22(2022).

[184] Wang Y S, Peng W J, Wang J et al. 10 GHz narrow line wide line polarized near-single-mode all-fiber laser achieves 5 kW power output[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 50, 2416002(2023).

[185] Zhou P, Ma P F, Ren S et al. High-power narrow linewidth fiber laser: progress and prospect[J]. Information Countermeasure Technology, 2, 16-36(2023).

[186] Jin Y X, Han Y X, Cao H C et al. Intertwined development of near-infrared high-power lasers and reflective holographic surface-relief diffraction gratings[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 1101028(2024).

[187] Dawson J W, Messerly M J, Beach R J et al. Analysis of the scalability of diffraction-limited fiber lasers and amplifiers to high average power[J]. Optics Express, 16, 13240-13266(2008).

[188] Zhu J J, Zhou P, Ma Y X et al. Power scaling analysis of tandem-pumped Yb-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers[J]. Optics Express, 19, 18645-18654(2011).

[189] Zervas M N. Transverse mode instability, thermal lensing and power scaling in Yb3+-doped high-power fiber amplifiers[J]. Optics Express, 27, 19019-19041(2019).

[190] Wu H S, Li H B, An Y et al. Transverse mode instability mitigation in a high-power confined-doped fiber amplifier with good beam quality through seed laser control[J]. High Power Laser Science and Engineering, 10, e44(2022).

[191] Xiao Q R, Tian J D, Li D et al. Tandem-pumped high-power ytterbium-doped fiber lasers: progress and opportunities[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 48, 1501004(2021).

[192] Zhang L, Lou F G, Wang M et al. Yb-doped triple-clad fiber for nearly 10 kW level tandem-pumped output[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 48, 1315001(2021).

[193] Li J F, Lei H, Wang S Y et al. Research progress in 2‒5 μm all-solid-state mid-infrared high-power fiber laser sources (Invited)[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 0101005(2024).

[194] Luo Z Q, Song L M, Ruan Q J. Progress in research on visible rare-earth-doped fiber lasers: from continuous wave to femtosecond pulses (Invited)[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 0101001(2024).

[195] He C J, Xiao X S, Xu Y T et al. Design and preparation of mid-infrared 7×1 sulfide fiber combiner[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 52, 1106003(2023).

[196] Chen H Q, Yao R K, Wang P J et al. Ultra-compact and broadband polarization-insensitive mode-order converting power splitter[J]. Chinese Optics Letters, 22, 031301(2024).

[197] Chen Y J, Guo Q. AI for technology: applied practices and future perspectives of technological intelligence in high tech areas[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39, 34-40(2024).

[198] Jiang M, Wu H S, An Y et al. Fiber laser development enabled by machine learning: review and prospect[J]. PhotoniX, 3, 16(2022).

[199] Hu M L. Artificial intelligence enables femtosecond laser technology[R](2023).

[200] Zhou P, Su R T, Huang L J et al. Research progress and future perspective on ultrafast fiber laser enabled by computing technique (Invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 47, 0803001(2018).

[201] Shi M Y, Wu Y, Li J et al. Research progress of high-power narrow-linewidth lasers based on spectral broadening[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 60, 1500001(2023).

[202] Ren Y K, Shen H, Wang H et al. Investigation on spectrum narrowing technique of fiber laser using nonlinear phase demodulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 51, 2206004(2024).

[203] An Y, Chang H X, Li J et al. Smart laser beam analyzer based on deep learning[C], JTu3A.41(2019).