Fig. 1. (a) Schematic of the PC laser. (b) Cross-sectional view of the LPC. (c) Cross-sectional view of the TPC.

Fig. 2. Calculated (a) R and L versus h_s. (b) R and L versus N_s.

Fig. 3. Calculated (a) R versus λ and m. (b) L versus λ and m.

Fig. 4. 1D multilayer waveguide structure equated by the EIM.

Fig. 5. Calculated photon energy bands of (a) TPC1 and (b) TPC2, and the β of the guided modes within the main ridge waveguide.

Fig. 6. Simulated light field distributions of different lateral modes. (a) The single broad ridge waveguide. (b) The broad ridge waveguide with TPCs on both sides.

Fig. 7. SEM images of the fabricated (a) LPC and (b) TPC.

Fig. 8. Measured L-I-V curves of (a) the FP laser and (b) the PC laser at a temperature of 25°C.

Fig. 9. (a) Measured HFF distribution of the FP laser. (b) Measured HFF distribution of the PC laser. (c) Calculated HFF distribution of the PC laser.

Fig. 10. Measured spectra of (a) the FP laser and (b) the PC laser.