Fig. 1. Phase screen and beam expansion under different turbulence intensities

Fig. 2. Variation of turbulence-induced beam spreading with D/r₀ at different wavelengths λ

Fig. 3. Fitting at different beam qualities

Fig. 4. Fitting under different anisotropic factors

Fig. 5. Variation of turbulence-induced beam spreading with D/r₀ at different α

Fig. 6. Variation of calibration coefficients with α for different ς

Fig. 7. Calibration formula error analysis

Fig. 8. Errors in calibration formulas for different parameter ranges