Fig. 1. (a) Side view, (b) top view, and (c) three-dimensional view of the master collector structure

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the lightguide structure

Fig. 3. Layout model of indoor light source

Fig. 4. Illumination distribution on receiving plane

Fig. 5. Simulation diagrams of the planar concentrator with a field of view of 40°. Schematic diagrams of (a) ray-tracing of the collector and (b) the planar concentrator structure; irradiance distributions of the receiver (c) with and (d) without the planar concentrator

Fig. 6. Distribution of BER average value on receiving plane

Fig. 7. Irradiance distributions of concentrated spot with x=1.60 mm, z=0.85 mm, and (a) y=0, (b) y=0.80 mm, (c) y=1.60 mm, and (d) y=2.50 mm

Fig. 8. Optical efficiencies vary with the coupling structure radii with three concentrator lengths

Fig. 9. Gain of the planar concentrators as optical antenna in different fields of view

Fig. 10. Distributions of received power in LOS (a) without concentrator and using a planar concentrator with the fields of view of (b) 10°, (c) 30°, (d) 50°, and (e) 70°

Fig. 11. Distribution of received power in NLOS. (a) Without concentrator; (b) using a planar concentrator of the field of 10° view; (c) using a planar concentrator of the field of 30° view; (d) using a planar concentrator of the field of 50° view; (e) using a planar concentrator of the field of 70° view