Non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases such as methane （CH₄）， nitrogen dioxide （NO₂）， nitrous oxide （N₂O）， and ozone （O₃） also have a huge impact on the climate in addition to carbon dioxide. For example， methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide （CO₂） in radiative forcing， and ozone has become the primary pollutant in many places in China after PM_2.5. Rapidly locating emission sources， quantitatively monitoring non-carbon dioxide emissions， and accurately estimating the distribution of global and regional non-carbon dioxide sources and sinks is of great practical significance for formulating， implementing， and evaluating emission reduction measures. This study reviews the development of satellite-based greenhouse gas retrieval， starting from the principle of algorithm， then the current state of methane， nitrogen dioxide， Nitrous Oxide， and ozone retrieval， and identify gaps in existing studies for potential future research. The study on satellite-based non-CO₂ gas concentration is undergoing rapid growth. The optimal estimation method and DOAS-based algorithm are used as mainstream methods for estimating non-CO₂ greenhouse gas concentration using satellite observation. The overall column concentration accuracy of CH₄， NO₂， N₂O， and O₃ can be up to 1%， 10%， 1%， 1%， respectively. To better provide reliable data products for monitoring and practical applications， we should： （1） further improve the accuracy and efficiency of Non-CO₂ gas concentration retrieval； （2） further investigate data assimilation issues based on multiple sensors， algorithms， and products； （3） further optimize the retrieval models for different land surface types； （4） introduce refined spatial resolution， spectral resolution and more accurate auxiliary data； （5） further coordinate global multi-satellite network resources； （6） further study the Interrelationships between multiple gases.