Acta Laser Biology Sinica, Volume. 32, Issue 5, 403(2023)
Mechanism of Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Oral Mucosal Diseases
[1] [1] COURTOIS E, BOULEFTOUR W, GUY J B, et al. Mechanisms of photobiomodulation (PBM) focused on oral mucositis prevention and treatment: a scoping review[J]. BioMed Central Oral Health, 2021, 21(1): 220.
[2] [2] MANFREDINI M G S, GIOVANI M, LIPPOLIS N, et al. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: treatment and management[J]. Dermatol Pract Concept, 2021, 11(4): e2021099.
[3] [3] SLEBIODA Z, DOROCKA-BOBKOWSKA B. Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oral lichen planus: a literature review[J]. Postepy Dermatol Alergol, 2020, 37(4): 475-481.
[4] [4] DIDONA D, CAPOSIENA CARO R D, SEQUEIRA SANTOS A M, et al. Therapeutic strategies for oral lichen planus: state of the art and new insights[J]. Frontiers of Medicine (Lausanne), 2022, 9: 997190.
[5] [5] AKPAN A, MORGAN R. Oral candidiasis[J]. Postgraduate Medicine Journal, 2002, 78(922): 455-459.
[6] [6] ANDERS J J, LANZAFAME R J, ARANY P R. Low-level light/laser therapy versus photobiomodulation therapy[J]. Photomed Laser Surgery, 2015, 33(4): 183-184.
[7] [7] GAO X, XING D. Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation[J]. Journal of Biomedical Science, 2009, 16(1): 1-16.
[8] [8] ALGHAMDI K M, KUMAR A, MOUSSA N A. Low-level laser therapy: a useful technique for enhancing the proliferation of various cultured cells[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2012, 27(1): 237-249.
[9] [9] BASSO F G, PANSANI T N, TURRIONI A P S, et al. In vitro wound healing improvement by low-level laser therapy application in cultured gingival fibroblasts[J]. International Journal of Dentistry, 2012, 2012: 719452.
[10] [10] BASSO F G, OLIVEIRA C F, KURACHI C, et al. Biostimulatory effect of low-level laser therapy on keratinocytes in vitro[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2013, 28(2): 367-374.
[11] [11] BASSO F G, SOARES D G, PANSANI T N, et al. Proliferation, migration, and expression of oral-mucosal-healing-related genes by oral fibroblasts receiving low-level laser therapy after inflammatory cytokines challenge[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2016, 48(10): 1006-1014.
[12] [12] HESSE J, SCHMALFUSS A, KVAAL S I. Photodynamic therapy of oral lichen planus[J]. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 2020, 19(10): 1271-1279.
[13] [13] HAQUE M, HARRIS M, MEGHJI S, et al. Immunolocalization of cytokines and growth factors in oral submucous fibrosis[J]. Cytokine, 1998, 10(9): 713-719.
[14] [14] MERIGO E, ROCCA J P, PINHEIRO A L B, et al. Photobiomodulation therapy in oral medicine: a guide for the practitioner with focus on new possible protocols[J]. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery, 2019, 37(11): 669-680.
[15] [15] CHUNG H, DAI T, SHARMA S K, et al. The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy[J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2012, 40(2): 516-533.
[16] [16] HAMBLIN M R. Mechanisms and mitochondrial redox signaling in photobiomodulation[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2018, 94(2): 199-212.
[17] [17] PASSARELLA S, KARU T. Absorption of monochromatic and narrow band radiation in the visible and near IR by both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial photoacceptors results in photobiomodulation[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2014, 140: 344-358.
[18] [18] DE FREITAS L F, HAMBLIN M R. Proposed mechanisms of photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2016, 22(3): 348-364.
[19] [19] HüTTEMANN M, KADENBACH B, GROSSMAN L I. Mammalian subunit IV isoforms of cytochrome c oxidase[J]. Gene, 2001, 267(1): 111-123.
[20] [20] KARU T I, PYATIBRAT L V, KOLYAKOV S F, et al. Absorption measurements of a cell monolayer relevant to phototherapy: reduction of cytochrome c oxidase under near IR radiation[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2005, 81(2): 98-106.
[21] [21] KARU T I. Multiple roles of cytochrome c oxidase in mammalian cells under action of red and IR-A radiation[J]. IUBMB Life, 2010, 62(8): 607-610.
[22] [22] WONG-RILEY M T, LIANG H L, EELLS J T, et al. Photobiomodulation directly benefits primary neurons functionally inactivated by toxins: role of cytochrome c oxidase[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2005, 280(6): 4761-4771.
[23] [23] MASON M G, NICHOLLS P, COOPER C E. Re-evaluation of the near infrared spectra of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase: implications for non invasive in vivo monitoring of tissues[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 2014, 1837(11): 1882-1891.
[24] [24] FARIVAR S, MALEKSHAHABI T, SHIARI R. Biological effects of low level laser therapy[J]. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 2014, 5(2): 58.
[25] [25] HO M W. Illuminating water and life: Emilio Del Giudice[J]. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2015, 34(2): 113-122.
[26] [26] INOUE S, KABAYA M. Biological activities caused by far-infrared radiation[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 1989, 33(3): 145-150.
[27] [27] POLLACK G H, FIGUEROA X, ZHAO Q. Molecules, water, and radiant energy: new clues for the origin of life[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2009, 10(4): 1419-1429.
[28] [28] DAMODARAN S. Water at biological phase boundaries: its role in interfacial activation of enzymes and metabolic pathways[J]. Membrane Hydration, 2015, 71: 233-261.
[29] [29] SOMMER A P, HADDAD M K, FECHT H J. Light effect on water viscosity: implication for ATP biosynthesis[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5(1): 1-6.
[30] [30] HAMBLIN M R. Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2017, 4(3): 337-361.
[31] [31] HANISCH U K. Microglia as a source and target of cytokines[J]. Glia, 2002, 40(2): 140-155.
[32] [32] BJORDAL J M, JOHNSON M I, IVERSEN V, et al. Low-level laser therapy in acute pain: a systematic review of possible mechanisms of action and clinical effects in randomized placebo-controlled trials[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy, 2006, 24(2): 158-168.
[33] [33] FEKRAZAD R, CHINIFORUSH N. Oral mucositis prevention and management by therapeutic laser in head and neck cancers[J]. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences, 2014, 5(1): 1-7.
[34] [34] PANNALA V R, CAMARA A K, DASH R K. Modeling the detailed kinetics of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase: catalytic mechanism and nitric oxide inhibition[J]. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2016, 121(5): 1196-1207.
[35] [35] LANE N. Cell biology: power games[J]. Nature, 2006, 443(7114): 901-903.
[36] [36] HUANG Y Y, SHARMA S K, CARROLL J, et al. Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy-an update[J]. Dose Response, 2011, 9(4): 602-618.
[37] [37] POYTON R O, HENDRICKSON M. Molecular basis for photobiomodulation: light-induced nitric oxide synthesis by cytochrome c oxidase in low-level laser therapy [M]//HAMBLIN M R. Handbook of low-level laser therapy. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2016: 201-220.
[38] [38] CHEN A C, ARANY P R, HUANG Y Y, et al. Low-level laser therapy activates NF-κB via generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse embryonic fibroblasts[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(7): e22453.
[39] [39] SUSKI J M, LEBIEDZINSKA M, BONORA M, et al. Relation between mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS formation [J]. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2012, 810: 183-205.
[40] [40] FORRESTER S J, KIKUCHI D S, HERNANDES M S, et al. Reactive oxygen species in metabolic and inflammatory signaling[J]. Circulation Research, 2018, 122(6): 877-902.
[41] [41] ZOROV D B, JUHASZOVA M, SOLLOTT S J. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release[J]. Physiological Reviews, 2014, 94(3): 909-950.
[42] [42] ZOROV D B, FILBURN C R, KLOTZ L O, et al. Reactive oxygen species (ROS-induced) ROS release: a new phenomenon accompanying induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in cardiac myocytes[J]. The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2000, 192(7): 1001-1014.
[43] [43] ZOROV D B, JUHASZOVA M, SOLLOTT S J. Mitochondrial ROS-induced ROS release: an update and review[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 2006, 1757(5/6): 509-517.
[44] [44] CHEN C H, HUANG Y Y, ARANY P R, et al. Role of reactive oxygen species in low level light therapy[C]// Mechanisms for Low-Light Therapy IV, San Jose, CA, USA. 2009, 7165: 9-19.
[45] [45] STRUBAKOS C D, MALIK M, WIDER J M, et al. Non-invasive treatment with near-infrared light: a novel mechanisms-based strategy that evokes sustained reduction in brain injury after stroke[J]. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 2020, 40(4): 833-844.
[46] [46] SANDERSON T H, WIDER J M, LEE I, et al. Inhibitory modulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity with specific near-infrared light wavelengths attenuates brain ischemia/reperfusion injury[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 1-12.
[47] [47] CHEN Z, LIU X, QIN H, et al. The effect of 630 nm photobiomodulation on the anti-inflammatory effect of human gingival fibroblasts[J]. Photonics, 2021, 8(9): 360.
[48] [48] RAI V. Role of reactive oxygen species in low-level laser therapy [M]//HAMBLIN M R. Handbook of Low-Level Laser Therapy. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing. 2016: 177-200.
[49] [49] BALDWIN A S. Series introduction: the transcription factor NF-κB and human disease[J]. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2001, 107(1): 3-6.
[50] [50] RAMOS A L O, RAMOS F S, DE SOUSA M V P. Low-level laser (light) therapy for wound healing in animal models[M]//HAMBLIN M R. Handbook of low-level laser therapy. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2016, 18.
[51] [51] LOKESH U, VEENA G, JANN A, et al. Application of lasers for oral submucus fibrosis: an experimental study[J]. Archives of CraniOrofacial Sciences (ACOFS), 2014, 1(6): 81-86.
[52] [52] TANAKA T, NARAZAKI M, MASUDA K, et al. Regulation of IL-6 in immunity and diseases [J]. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2016, 941: 79-88.
[53] [53] SILVA G B L, SACONO N T, OTHON-LEITE A F, et al. Effect of low-level laser therapy on inflammatory mediator release during chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a randomized preliminary study[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2015, 30(1): 117-126.
[54] [54] ABDEL-HAQ A, KUSNIERZ-CABALA B, DARCZUK D, et al. Interleukin-6 and neopterin levels in the serum and saliva of patients with lichen planus and oral lichen planus[J]. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 2014, 43(10): 734-739.
[55] [55] MOZAFFARI H R, SHARIFI R, SADEGHI M. Interleukin-6 levels in the serum and saliva of patients with oral lichen planus compared with healthy controls: a meta-analysis study[J]. Central European Journal of Immunology, 2018, 43(1): 103-108.
[56] [56] COUPER K N, BLOUNT D G, RILEY E M. IL-10: the master regulator of immunity to infection[J]. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 180(9): 5771-5777.
[57] [57] DAN H, LIU W, WANG J, et al. Elevated IL-10 concentrations in serum and saliva from patients with oral lichen planus[J]. Quintessence International, 2011, 42(2): 157-163.
[58] [58] DE BRITO SOUSA K, RODRIGUES M F S D, DE SOUZA SANTOS D, et al. Differential expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators by M1 and M2 macrophages after photobiomodulation with red or infrared lasers[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2020, 35(2): 337-343.
[59] [59] RYU H S, LIM N K, PADALHIN A R, et al. Improved healing and macrophage polarization in oral ulcers treated with photobiomodulation (PBM)[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2022, 54(4): 600-610.
[60] [60] CHIANG M H, LEE K T, CHEN C H, et al. Photobiomodulation therapy inhibits oral submucous fibrosis in mice[J]. Journal of Oral Diseases, 2020, 26(7): 1474-1482.
[61] [61] YEH M C, CHEN K K, CHIANG M H, et al. Low-power laser irradiation inhibits arecoline-induced fibrosis: an in vitro study[J]. International Journal of Oral Science, 2017, 9(1): 38-42.
[62] [62] SASSOLI C, CHELLINI F, SQUECCO R, et al. Low intensity 635 nm diode laser irradiation inhibits fibroblast-myofibroblast transition reducing TRPC1 channel expression/activity: new perspectives for tissue fibrosis treatment[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2016, 48(3): 318-332.
[63] [63] LOPES N N F, PLAPLER H, CHAVANTES M C, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis in hamsters: evaluation of two low-intensity laser protocols[J]. Supportive Care in Cancer, 2009, 17(11): 1409-1415.
[64] [64] GUPTA A, KESHRI G K, YADAV A, et al. Superpulsed (Ga-As, 904 nm) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) attenuates inflammatory response and enhances healing of burn wounds[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 2015, 8(6): 489-501.
[65] [65] NAJEEB S, KHURSHID Z, ZOHAIB S, et al. Management of recurrent aphthous ulcers using low-level lasers: a systematic review[J]. Medicina, 2016, 52(5): 263-268.
[66] [66] HAWKINS D, ABRAHAMSE H. Biological effects of helium-neon laser irradiation on normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy, 2005, 23(3): 251-259.
[67] [67] MEDRADO A R, PUGLIESE L S, REIS S R A, et al. Influence of low level laser therapy on wound healing and its biological action upon myofibroblasts[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2003, 32(3): 239-244.
[68] [68] DE OLIVEIRA GUIRRO E C, DE LIMA MONTEBELO M I, DE ALMEIDA BORTOT B, et al. Effect of laser (670 nm) on healing of wounds covered with occlusive dressing: a histologic and biomechanical analysis[J]. Photomedicine Laser Surgery, 2010, 28(5): 629-634.
[69] [69] PEREIRA A N, EDUARDO C D P, MATSON E, et al. Effect of low-power laser irradiation on cell growth and procollagen synthesis of cultured fibroblasts[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: the Official Journal of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, 2002, 31(4): 263-267.
[70] [70] VINCK E M, CAGNIE B J, CORNELISSEN M J, et al. Increased fibroblast proliferation induced by light emitting diode and low power laser irradiation[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2003, 18(2): 95-99.
[71] [71] KREISLER M, CHRISTOFFERS A B, AL-HAJ H, et al. Low level 809-nm diode laser-induced in vitro stimulation of the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: the Official Journal of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, 2002, 30(5): 365-369.
[72] [72] ALMEIDA-LOPES L, RIGAU J, AMARO Z?NGARO R, et al. Comparison of the low level laser therapy effects on cultured human gingival fibroblasts proliferation using different irradiance and same fluence[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: the Official Journal of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, 2001, 29(2): 179-184.
[73] [73] DOMPE C, MONCRIEFF L, MATYS J, et al. Photobiomodulation-underlying mechanism and clinical applications[J]. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2020, 9(6): 1724.
[74] [74] GINANI F, SOARES D M, BARBOZA C A G. Effect of low-level laser therapy on mesenchymal stem cell proliferation: a systematic review[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2015, 30(8): 2189-2194.
[75] [75] ZAMANI A R N, SABERIANPOUR S, GERANMAYEH M H, et al. Modulatory effect of photobiomodulation on stem cell epigenetic memory: a highlight on differentiation capacity[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2020, 35(2): 299-306.
[76] [76] BAYAT M, VIRDI A, REZAEI F, et al. Comparison of the in vitro effects of low-level laser therapy and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy on bony cells and stem cells[J]. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, 2018, 133: 36-48.
[77] [77] KOMAROVA S V, ATAULLAKHANOV F I, GLOBUS R K. Bioenergetics and mitochondrial transmembrane potential during differentiation of cultured osteoblasts[J]. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, 2000, 279(4): C1220-C1229.
[78] [78] HANNA R, BENSADOUN R J, BEKEN S V, et al. Outpatient oral neuropathic pain management with photobiomodulation therapy: a prospective analgesic pharmacotherapy-paralleled feasibility trial[J]. Antioxidants (Basel), 2022, 11(3): 533.
[79] [79] SALINAS-GILABERT C, GOMEZ GARCIA F, GALERA MOLERO F, et al. Photodynamic therapy, photobiomodulation and acetonide triamcinolone 0.1% in the treatment of oral lichen planus: a randomized clinical trial[J]. Pharmaceutics, 2022, 15(1): 30.
[80] [80] ENWEMEKA C S, PARKER J C, DOWDY D S, et al. The efficacy of low-power lasers in tissue repair and pain control: a meta-analysis study[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy, 2004, 22(4): 323-329.
[81] [81] KETZ A K, BYRNES K R, GRUNBERG N E, et al. Characterization of macrophage/microglial activation and effect of photobiomodulation in the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain[J]. Pain Medicine, 2017, 18(5): 932-946.
[82] [82] ZHANG W W, WANG X Y, CHU Y X, et al. Light-emitting diode phototherapy: pain relief and underlying mechanisms[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2022, 37(5): 2343-2352.
[83] [83] CHOW R, ARMATI P, LAAKSO E L, et al. Inhibitory effects of laser irradiation on peripheral mammalian nerves and relevance to analgesic effects: a systematic review[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2011, 29(6): 365-381.
[84] [84] ZUPIN L, OTTAVIANI G, RUPEL K, et al. Analgesic effect of photobiomodulation therapy: an in vitro and in vivo study[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 2019, 12(10): e201900043.
[85] [85] COTLER H B, CHOW R T, HAMBLIN M R, et al. The use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for musculoskeletal pain[J]. Med?rave Online Journal of Orthopedics & Rheumatology, 2015, 2(5): 00068.
[86] [86] SAKURAI Y, YAMAGUCHI M, ABIKO Y. Inhibitory effect of low-level laser irradiation on LPS-stimulated prostaglandin E2 production and cyclooxygenase-2 in human gingival fibroblasts[J]. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2000, 108(1): 29-34.
[87] [87] CHOW R, ARMATI P, LAAKSO E L, et al. Inhibitory effects of laser irradiation on peripheral mammalian nerves and relevance to analgesic effects: a systematic review[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2011, 29(6): 365-381.
[88] [88] GáL P, VIDINSKY B, TOPORCER T, et al. Histological assessment of the effect of laser irradiation on skin wound healing in rats[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy, 2006, 24(4): 480-488.
[89] [89] OZCELIK O, CENK HAYTAC M, KUNIN A, et al. Improved wound healing by low-level laser irradiation after gingivectomy operations: a controlled clinical pilot study[J]. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2008, 35(3): 250-254.
[90] [90] HONMURA A, ISHII A, YANASE M, et al. Analgesic effect of Ga-Al-As diode laser irradiation on hyperalgesia in carrageenin-induced inflammation[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 1993, 13(4): 463-469.
[91] [91] WALDHOER M, BARTLETT S E, WHISTLER J L. Opioid receptors[J]. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 2004, 73(1): 953-990.
[92] [92] MARTINS D F, TURNES B L, CIDRAL-FILHO F J, et al. Light-emitting diode therapy reduces persistent inflammatory pain: role of interleukin 10 and antioxidant enzymes[J]. Neuroscience, 2016, 324: 485-495.
[93] [93] VERRI W A, CUNHA T M, POOLE S, et al. Cytokine inhibitors and pain control[J]. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2007, 47(5): 341-353.
[94] [94] SALVEMINI D, LITTLE J W, DOYLE T, et al. Roles of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in pain[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2011, 51(5): 951-966.
[95] [95] PEREIRA F C, PARISI J R, MAGLIONI C B, et al. Antinociceptive effects of low-level laser therapy at 3 and 8 J/cm2 in a rat model of postoperative pain: possible role of endogenous opioids[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2017, 49(9): 844-851.
[96] [96] KAWABATA A. Prostaglandin E2 and pain: an update[J]. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2011, 34(8): 1170-1173.
[97] [97] CHIA Y Y, LIU C C, FENG G M, et al. The antinociceptive effect of light-emitting diode irradiation on incised wounds is correlated with changes in cyclooxygenase 2 activity, prostaglandin E2, and proinflammatory cytokines[J]. Pain Research and Management, 2017, 2017: 4792489.
[98] [98] DE PAIVA CARVALHO R L, LEAL-JUNIOR E C P, PETRELLIS M C, et al. Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and diclofenac (topical and intramuscular) as single and combined therapy in experimental model of controlled muscle strain in rats[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2013, 89(2): 508-512.
[99] [99] KULKARNI S, GEORGE R, LOVE R, et al. Effectiveness of photobiomodulation in reducing pain and producing dental analgesia: a systematic review[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2022, 37(7): 3011-3019.
[100] [100] PIGATTO G R, SILVA C S, PARIZOTTO N A. Photobiomodulation therapy reduces acute pain and inflammation in mice[J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 2019, 196: 111513.
[101] [101] REUTER S, GUPTA S C, CHATURVEDI M M, et al. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: how are they linked?[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2010, 49(11): 1603-1616.
[102] [102] SPILLER F, FORMIGA R O, DA SILVA COIMBRA J F, et al. Targeting nitric oxide as a key modulator of sepsis, arthritis and pain[J]. Nitric Oxide, 2019, 89: 32-40.
[103] [103] SCHMIDTKO A, TEGEDER I, GEISSLINGER G. No no, no pain? the role of nitric oxide and cGMP in spinal pain processing[J]. Trends in Neurosciences, 2009, 32(6): 339-346.
[104] [104] MORIYAMA Y, MORIYAMA E H, BLACKMORE K, et al. In vivo study of the inflammatory modulating effects of low-level laser therapy on iNOS expression using bioluminescence imaging[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2005, 81(6): 1351-1355.
[105] [105] MORIYAMA Y, NGUYEN J, AKENS M, et al. In vivo effects of low level laser therapy on inducible nitric oxide synthase[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: the Official Journal of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, 2009, 41(3): 227-231.
[106] [106] GOMES L E A, DALMARCO E M, ANDRé E S. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and induced nitric oxide synthase expressions after low-level laser therapy in an axonotmesis experimental model[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 2012, 30(11): 642-647.
[107] [107] SONG S, ZHANG Y, FONG C C, et al. cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in human fibroblast cells irradiated with red light[J]. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2003, 120(5): 849-857.
[108] [108] ROHRINGER S, HOLNTHONER W, CHAUDARY S, et al. The impact of wavelengths of LED light-therapy on endothelial cells[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 10700.
[109] [109] OPEL D R, HAGSTROM E, PACE A K, et al. Light-emitting diodes: a brief review and clinical experience[J]. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, 2015, 8(6): 36-44.
[110] [110] VINCK E M, CAGNIE B J, CORNELISSEN M J, et al. Green light emitting diode irradiation enhances fibroblast growth impaired by high glucose level[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy, 2005, 23(2): 167-171.
[111] [111] MIN P K, GOO B L. 830 nm light-emitting diode low level light therapy (LED-LLLT) enhances wound healing: a preliminary study[J]. Laser Therapy, 2013, 22(1): 43-49.
[112] [112] SIKORA M, V?EV A, SIBER S, et al. The efficacy of low-level laser therapy in burning mouth syndrome: a pilot study[J]. Acta Clinica Croatica, 2018, 57(2): 312-315.
[113] [113] BAROLET D. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in dermatology[J]. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, 2008, 27(4): 227-238.
[114] [114] DELLA SANTA G M L, FERREIRA M C, MACHADO T P G, et al. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy (LED 630 nm) on muscle and nerve histomorphometry after axonotmesis[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2021, 97(5): 1116-1122.
[115] [115] MILORO M, HALKIAS L E, MALLERY S, et al. Low-level laser effect on neural regeneration in Gore-Tex tubes[J]. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2002, 93(1): 27-34.
[116] [116] SCARDINA G A, CASELLA S, BILELLO G, et al. Photobiomodulation therapy in the management of burning mouth syndrome: morphological variations in the capillary bed[J]. Dentistry Journal (Basel), 2020, 8(3): 99.
[117] [117] CASTANO A P, DAI T, YAROSLAVSKY I, et al. Low-level laser therapy for zymosan-induced arthritis in rats: importance of illumination time[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: the Official Journal of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, 2007, 39(6): 543-550.
[118] [118] HAXSEN V, SCHIKORA D, SOMMER U, et al. Relevance of laser irradiance threshold in the induction of alkaline phosphatase in human osteoblast cultures[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2008, 23(4): 381-384.
[119] [119] LANZAFAME R J, STADLER I, KURTZ A F, et al. Reciprocity of exposure time and irradiance on energy density during photoradiation on wound healing in a murine pressure ulcer model[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine: the Official Journal of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, 2007, 39(6): 534-542.
[120] [120] HUANG Y Y, CHEN A C H, CARROLL J D, et al. Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy[J]. Dose Response, 2009, 7(4): 358-383.
[121] [121] HUANG Y Y, SHARMA S K, CARROLL J, et al. Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy: an update[J]. Dose Response, 2011, 9(4): 602-618.
[122] [122] GAGNON D, GIBSON T W, SINGH A, et al. An in vitro method to test the safety and efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the healing of a canine skin model[J]. BMC Veterinary Research, 2016, 12(1): 1-10.
[123] [123] HAN M, FANG H, LI Q L, et al. Effectiveness of laser therapy in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review[J]. Scientifica (Cairo), 2016, 2016: 9062430.
[124] [124] ALBREKTSON M, HEDSTROM L, BERGH H. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and pain management with low-level laser therapy: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, 2014, 117(5): 590-594.
[125] [125] JIJIN M J, RAKARADDI M, PAI J, et al. Low-level laser therapy versus 5% amlexanox: a comparison of treatment effects in a cohort of patients with minor aphthous ulcers[J]. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology, 2016, 121(3): 269-273.
[126] [126] CAFARO A, ARDUINO P G, MASSOLINI G, et al. Clinical evaluation of the efficiency of low-level laser therapy for oral lichen planus: a prospective case series[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2014, 29(1): 185-90.
[127] [127] DE CARVALHO R R, DE PAULA EDUARDO F, RAMALHO K M, et al. Effect of laser phototherapy on recurring herpes labialis prevention: an in vivo study[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2010, 25(3): 397-402.
[128] [128] LIU Y Y, WONG-RILEY M T, LIU H L, et al. Increase in cytochrome oxidase activity in regenerating nerve fibers of hemitransected spinal cord in the rat[J]. Neuroreport, 2001, 12(15): 3239-3242.
[129] [129] LU C, ZHOU F, WU S, et al. Phototherapy-induced antitumor immunity: long-term tumor suppression effects via photoinactivation of respiratory chain oxidase-triggered superoxide anion burst[J]. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 2016, 24(5): 249-262.
[130] [130] FRIGO L, LUPPI J S, FAVERO G M, et al. The effect of low-level laser irradiation (In-Ga-Al-AsP-660 nm) on melanoma in vitro and in vivo[J]. BMC Cancer, 2009, 20(9): 1-8.
[131] [131] SCHARTINGER V H, GALVAN O, RIECHELMANN H, et al. Differential responses of fibroblasts, non-neoplastic epithelial cells, and oral carcinoma cells to low-level laser therapy[J]. Support Care Cancer, 2012, 20(3): 523-529.
[132] [132] MURAYAMA H, SADAKANE K, YAMANOHA B, et al. Low-power 808-nm laser irradiation inhibits cell proliferation of a human-derived glioblastoma cell line in vitro[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2012, 27(1): 87-93.
[133] [133] ZECHA J A, RABER-DURLACHER J E, NAIR R G, et al. Low level laser therapy/photobiomodulation in the management of side effects of chemoradiation therapy in head and neck cancer: part2: mechanisms of action, dosimetric, and safety considerations[J]. Supportive Care in Cancer, 2016, 24(6): 2781-2792.
[134] [134] SPERANDIO F F, GIUDICE F S, CORRêA L, et al. Low-level laser therapy can produce increased aggressiveness of dysplastic and oral cancer cell lines by modulation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway[J]. Journal of Biophotonics, 2013, 6(10): 839-847.
[135] [135] HENRIQUES á C G, GINANI F, OLIVEIRA R M, et al. Low-level laser therapy promotes proliferation and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2014, 29(4): 1385-1395.
[136] [136] KLAUSNER G, BENSADOUN R J, CHAMPION A, et al. State of art of photobiomodulation in the management of radiotherapy adverse events: indications and level of evidence[J]. Cancer Radiother, 2021, 25(6/7): 584-592.
[137] [137] KHAN I, TANG E, ARANY P. Molecular pathway of near-infrared laser phototoxicity involves ATF-4 orchestrated ER stress[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5(1): 1-14.
[138] [138] KUJAWA J, ZAVODNIK I B, LAPSHINA A, et al. Cell survival, DNA, and protein damage in B14 cells under low-intensity near-infrared (810 nm) laser irradiation[J]. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy, 2004, 22(6): 504-508.
[139] [139] HAWKINS D H, ABRAHAMSE H. The role of laser fluence in cell viability, proliferation, and membrane integrity of wounded human skin fibroblasts following helium-neon laser irradiation[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2006, 38(1): 74-83.
[140] [140] NIE F, HAO S, JI Y, et al. Biphasic dose response in the anti-inflammation experiment of PBM[J]. Lasers in Medical Science, 2023, 38(1): 66.
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
LI Ru, LI Zehui, ZHENG Minghe, ZHONG Liangjun, DING Peihui. Mechanism of Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Oral Mucosal Diseases[J]. Acta Laser Biology Sinica, 2023, 32(5): 403
Received: Jun. 12, 2023
Accepted: --
Published Online: Jan. 27, 2024
The Author Email: