Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L‑PBF) Additive Manufacturing

Ao Zhang; Wangping Wu; Peng Jiang; Zhizhi Wang; Haijun Pan; Yi Zhang

doi:10.3788/CJL230738

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 51, Issue 12, 1202303(2024)

Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L‑PBF) Additive Manufacturing

Ao Zhang, Wangping Wu^aff***, Peng Jiang, Zhizhi Wang, Haijun Pan, and Yi Zhang

Author Affiliations

Metal 3D Printing Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu , China

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Figures & Tables(18)

Fig. 1. SEM image of 316L stainless steel raw powder

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Fig. 2. Schematic of L-PBF forming process

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Fig. 3. L-PBF 316L stainless steels obtained under different forming directions. (a) 0°; (b) 60°

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Fig. 4. Geometric dimensions of tensile specimens

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Fig. 5. Metallographic structure images of L-PBF 316L stainless steels under different forming directions. (a) 0°; (b) 60°

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Fig. 6. XRD patterns of 316L raw powder and printed parts under forming directions of 0° and 60°

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Fig. 7. Stress-strain curves of samples when forming directions are 0° and 60°

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$SEM images of fractures of L-PBF 316L stainless steels under different forming directions. (a) 0°; (b) 60°$

Fig. 8. SEM images of fractures of L-PBF 316L stainless steels under different forming directions. (a) 0°; (b) 60°

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Fig. 9. Distributions of differences in grain orientations of L-PBF 316L stainless steel parts under different deflection values

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Fig. 10. Surface SEM images of L-PBF 316L stainless steels with forming directions of 0° and 60° under different deflection values. (a1)(b1) 0%; (a2)(b2) 5%; (a3)(b3) 15%; (a4)(b4) 30%

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Fig. 11. IPFs of L-PBF 316L stainless steels with forming directions of 0° and 60° under different deflection values. (a1)(b1) 0%; (a2)(b2) 15%; (a3)(b3) 30%

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Fig. 12. IPFs of L-PBF 316L stainless steels with forming directions of 0° and 60° under different deflection values. (a1)(b1) 0%; (a2)(b2) 15%; (a3)(b3) 30%

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Fig. 13. Grain size distribution plots of L-PBF 316L stainless steels with forming directions of 0° and 60° under different deflection values. (a1)(b1) 0%; (a2)(b2) 15%; (a3)(b3) 30%

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Table 1. Chemical compositions of 316L stainless steel raw powder
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Table 1. Chemical compositions of 316L stainless steel raw powder
Element Al V H O C N Fe Ti
Mass fraction /% 6.2384 4.3130 0.0026 0.0846 0.0075 0.0066 0.1754 Bal.

Table 2. Main process parameters of ISLM160 equipment

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Table 2. Main process parameters of ISLM160 equipment

Parameter	Content
Forming size	160 mm×160 mm×230 mm
Laser type	Fiber laser
Laser power	500 W
Scanning speed	1.0‒2.0 m/s
Powder layer thickness	0.02‒0.10 mm
Inert gas	Nitrogen
Powder spreading method	Scraper bidirectional powder spreading
Spot diameter	0.04‒0.15 mm
Equipment size	1100 mm×1300 mm×1850 mm
Ambient temperature	20‒26 ℃

Table 3. Mechanical properties of printed parts when forming directions are 0° and 60°
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Table 3. Mechanical properties of printed parts when forming directions are 0° and 60°
Sample No. Forming direction Elastic modulus /MPa Tensile strength /MPa Elongation /%
#1 0° 15366.77±1881.48 637.27±39.37 13.75±0.10
#2 60° 13664.77±1151.71 645.61±15.50 12.50±0.12

Table 4. Tensile properties of L-PBF 316L stainless steels under different forming directions
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Table 4. Tensile properties of L-PBF 316L stainless steels under different forming directions
Reference Forming direction Tensile strength /MPa Elongation /%
［25］ 0° 698.62 45.21
60° 720.49 54.51
［27］ 0° 831.84±38.16 40.42±0.02
［28］ 0° 648.9±14.4 40.5±7.9

Table 5. Phase volume fractions of samples with forming directions of 0° and 60° under different deflection values

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Table 5. Phase volume fractions of samples with forming directions of 0° and 60° under different deflection values

Sample No.	Composition	Volume fraction /%
Sample No.	Composition	Deflection of 0%	Deflection of 5%	Deflection of 15%	Deflection of 30%
#1	Fe-BCC	0.17	0.19	0.78	2.21
	Fe-FCC	98.74	97.32	89.46	68.78
	Others	1.09	2.49	9.75	29.01
#2	Fe-BCC	0.24	0.18	0.40	0.94
	Fe-FCC	98.92	97.93	92.39	76.31
	Others	0.84	1.89	7.21	22.74

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Ao Zhang, Wangping Wu, Peng Jiang, Zhizhi Wang, Haijun Pan, Yi Zhang. Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel Parts Prepared by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L‑PBF) Additive Manufacturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(12): 1202303

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Paper Information

Category: Laser Additive Manufacturing

Received: Apr. 17, 2023

Accepted: Aug. 11, 2023

Published Online: Feb. 21, 2024

The Author Email: Wu Wangping (wwp3.14@163.com)

DOI:10.3788/CJL230738

CSTR:32183.14.CJL230738

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Chemical compositions of 316L stainless steel raw powder

Table 1. Chemical compositions of 316L stainless steel raw powder

Table 2. Main process parameters of ISLM160 equipment

Table 2. Main process parameters of ISLM160 equipment

Table 3. Mechanical properties of printed parts when forming directions are 0° and 60°

Table 3. Mechanical properties of printed parts when forming directions are 0° and 60°

Table 4. Tensile properties of L-PBF 316L stainless steels under different forming directions

Table 4. Tensile properties of L-PBF 316L stainless steels under different forming directions

Table 5. Phase volume fractions of samples with forming directions of 0° and 60° under different deflection values

Table 5. Phase volume fractions of samples with forming directions of 0° and 60° under different deflection values