Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the multilongitudinal mode HSRL system: (a) spectrum of the MLM laser; (b) spectrum of the MLM echo signal; (c) output spectrum of the Mie channel of the MZI; (d) output spectrum of the Rayleigh channel of the MZI.

Fig. 2. Relationship between the effective transmittance of the Mie channel for Mie scattering signals and the OPD of the MZI. (a) For the first condition of the matching degree between the MZI OPD and the laser optical cavity length; (b) for the second condition of the matching degree between the MZI OPD and laser wavelength.

Fig. 3. (a) Functional diagram and (b) flow chart of the MLM-HSRL with a self-tuning MZI.

Fig. 4. P_Δ distribution from the preliminary experiments by the MLM-HSRL with the fixed OPD MZI performed from 19:30 CST to 21:05 CST on March 9, 2022. (a) THI contour diagram of P_Δ; (b) statistics diagram of P_Δ.

Fig. 5. P_Δ distribution from the preliminary experiments by the MLM-HSRL with the dynamic OPD MZI performed from 21:30 CST to 22:55 CST on March 9, 2022. (a) THI contour diagram of P_Δ; (b) statistics diagram of P_Δ.

Fig. 6. Example of the preliminary experimental data using the MLM-HSRL and the retrieval results of aerosol optical properties during a clear weather condition performed at 21:50 CST on March 12, 2022. (a) Profile of RSCS data; (b) profile of β_a(r); (c) profile of α_a(r); (d) profile of lidar ratio.

Fig. 7. Example of the preliminary experimental data using the MLM-HSRL and the retrieved results of aerosol optical properties during a cloudy weather condition performed at 21:20 CST on April 13, 2022. (a) Profile of RSCS data; (b) profile of β_a(r); (c) profile of α_a(r); (d) profile of lidar ratio.

Fig. 8. THI diagram of the retrieval results of aerosol optical properties from 21:30 CST to 22:55 CST on March 9, 2022. (a) β_a(r); (b) α_a(r).