The explore desires of human being and the accumulations of thousands year causes four major astronomical discoveries in 1960s; whereas some fundamental limitations of our atmosphere on astronomical observation impel us rush out of earth into space. The astronomical observation in such wide of bands arises very critical requirements, new conjectures and models needs new test and verify; all this promote the performance of instruments and devices towards perfection. This article aims to review and analysis the evolution briefly in conjunction with some typical examples, especially their detection bands, diameter of the primary mirror or antenna, types of detection instruments and devices as well as related performances. The purpose is for carry on longitudinal and lateral comparisons easier, and gain new ideas by reviewing old.