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Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 50, Issue 12, 1202205(2023)

Distribution Mechanism of Cr Element in Laser Cladding Layer During 316L Powder Multilayer Stacking

Chenyu Jin1,2,3, Honghao Ge1,2,3, Yazhou Zhang1,2,3, Gang Dong1,2,3, Qunli Zhang1,2,3, Lin Li4, and Jianhua Yao1,2,3、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Laser Advanced Manufacturing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
  • 2College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang,China
  • 3Collaborative Innovation Center of High-end Laser Manufacturing Equipment, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
  • 4Laser Processing Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M139PL, Britain
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (13)
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    References (24)
    Cited By (4)
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    Figures & Tables(13)
    Schematic of multilayer laser cladding process

    Fig. 1. Schematic of multilayer laser cladding process

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    Grid distribution and boundary conditions of computational domain

    Fig. 2. Grid distribution and boundary conditions of computational domain

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    Evolution of computational domain of multilayer laser cladding. (a) First layer; (b) second layer

    Fig. 3. Evolution of computational domain of multilayer laser cladding. (a) First layer; (b) second layer

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    Comparison between simulation and experimental results of first-layer molten pool morphology. (a) Molten pool morphology at t=3.0 s; (b) size and internal flow field of molten pool; (c) metallography of laser cladding layer

    Fig. 4. Comparison between simulation and experimental results of first-layer molten pool morphology. (a) Molten pool morphology at t=3.0 s; (b) size and internal flow field of molten pool; (c) metallography of laser cladding layer

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    Comparison between simulation and experiment results of second-layer molten pool morphology. (a) Molten pool morphology at t=11.0 s; (b) size and internal flow field of molten pool; (c) metallography of laser cladding layer

    Fig. 5. Comparison between simulation and experiment results of second-layer molten pool morphology. (a) Molten pool morphology at t=11.0 s; (b) size and internal flow field of molten pool; (c) metallography of laser cladding layer

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    Comparison between simulation and experimental results of Cr element distribution after cladding. (a) Results for first layer; (b) simulation result of Cr element mass fraction in first layer; (c) EDS point scanning positions in first layer; (d) results for second layer; (e) simulation result of Cr element mass fraction in second layer; (f) EDS point scanning positions in second layer

    Fig. 6. Comparison between simulation and experimental results of Cr element distribution after cladding. (a) Results for first layer; (b) simulation result of Cr element mass fraction in first layer; (c) EDS point scanning positions in first layer; (d) results for second layer; (e) simulation result of Cr element mass fraction in second layer; (f) EDS point scanning positions in second layer

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    Temperature fields and molten pool evolutions during multilayer laser cladding. (a) t=0.5 s; (b) t=1.0 s; (c) t=2.0 s;(d) t=4.5 s; (e) t=8.5 s; (f) t=9.0 s; (g) t=10.0 s; (h) t=12.5 s; (i) t=16.5 s; (j) t=17.0 s; (k) t=18.0 s; (l) t=20.5 s

    Fig. 7. Temperature fields and molten pool evolutions during multilayer laser cladding. (a) t=0.5 s; (b) t=1.0 s; (c) t=2.0 s;(d) t=4.5 s; (e) t=8.5 s; (f) t=9.0 s; (g) t=10.0 s; (h) t=12.5 s; (i) t=16.5 s; (j) t=17.0 s; (k) t=18.0 s; (l) t=20.5 s

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    Comparison of flow fields in molten pool during multilayer laser cladding. (a) Flow field in first layer; (b) flow field in second layer; (c) flow field in third layer

    Fig. 8. Comparison of flow fields in molten pool during multilayer laser cladding. (a) Flow field in first layer; (b) flow field in second layer; (c) flow field in third layer

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    Simulation results of Cr element distributions during multilayer laser cladding at different moments. (a) First layer; (b) second layer; (c) third layer and local enlargement of third layer

    Fig. 9. Simulation results of Cr element distributions during multilayer laser cladding at different moments. (a) First layer; (b) second layer; (c) third layer and local enlargement of third layer

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    Simulation results of Cr element distribution at different positions of cladding layer. (a1)(a2) First layer after cladding;(b1)(b2) second layer after cladding; (c1)(c2) third layer after cladding

    Fig. 10. Simulation results of Cr element distribution at different positions of cladding layer. (a1)(a2) First layer after cladding;(b1)(b2) second layer after cladding; (c1)(c2) third layer after cladding

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    Schematics of multilayer laser cladding mechanism. (a) First layer cladding; (b) second layer cladding; (c) third layer cladding

    Fig. 11. Schematics of multilayer laser cladding mechanism. (a) First layer cladding; (b) second layer cladding; (c) third layer cladding

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    • Table 1. Chemical compositions of 45 steel and 316L stainless steel powder

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      Table 1. Chemical compositions of 45 steel and 316L stainless steel powder

      MaterialMass fraction /%
      CSiMnCrNiMoFe
      45 steel0.450.200.60---Bal.
      316L stainless steel powder0.020.551.5516.0010.002.08Bal.

    • Table 2. Thermophysical parameters of materials used in simulation calculation[21]

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      Table 2. Thermophysical parameters of materials used in simulation calculation[21]

      ParameterValue
      Reference density /（kg∙m-3）8000
      Specific heat /（J∙kg-1∙K-1）500
      Melting point /K1805.15
      Thermal conductivity of solid /（W∙m-1∙K-1）19.2
      Effective thermal conductivity of liquid /（W∙m-1∙K-1）209.2
      Latent heat /（J∙kg-1）250000
      Viscosity /（kg∙m-1∙s-1）0.0042
      Temperature coefficient of surface tension /（N∙m-1∙K-1）-4.3×10-4
      Volume heat-transfer coefficient /（N∙m-1∙K-1）1.0×109
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    Chenyu Jin, Honghao Ge, Yazhou Zhang, Gang Dong, Qunli Zhang, Lin Li, Jianhua Yao. Distribution Mechanism of Cr Element in Laser Cladding Layer During 316L Powder Multilayer Stacking[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2023, 50(12): 1202205

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    Paper Information

    Category: Laser Surface Machining

    Received: Aug. 8, 2022

    Accepted: Nov. 15, 2022

    Published Online: Jun. 6, 2023

    The Author Email: Yao Jianhua (laser@zjutedu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/CJL221112

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology