Improved Algorithm for Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Remote-Sensing Images Based on Generative Adversarial Networks

Fig. 6. Image reconstruction of different algorithms on Kaggle test dataset. (a) HR; (b) Bicubic; (c) SRGAN; (d) EDSR; (e) ESRGAN; (f) proposed algorithm

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Fig. 7. Image reconstruction of different algorithms on WHU-RS19 dataset. (a) HR; (b) Bicubic; (c) SRGAN; (d) EDSR; (e) ESRGAN; (f) proposed algorithm

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Fig. 8. Image reconstruction of different algorithms on AID dataset. (a) HR; (b) Bicubic; (c) SRGAN; (d) EDSR; (e) ESRGAN; (f) proposed algorithm

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Table 1. Performance of algorithm on Kaggle test dataset under different module settings

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Table 1. Performance of algorithm on Kaggle test dataset under different module settings

Module	PSNR /dB	SSIM	FSIM
GAN+RFDB（16）	29.83	0.862	0.975
GAN+RRDB（16）	30.49	0.884	0.990
GAN+RRDB（16）+RFDB（4）	30.92	0.892	0.992
GAN+RRDB（16）+RFDB（6）	31.67	0.897	0.993
GAN+RRDB（16）+RFDB（8）	31.68	0.895	0.993

Table 2. Performance of algorithm on Kaggle test datasets with different loss function settings
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Table 2. Performance of algorithm on Kaggle test datasets with different loss function settings
Module PSNR /dB SSIM FSIM
SRGAN original loss 29.71 0.844 0.930
$L_{c o n t}$ 30.63 0.874 0.931
$L_{c o n t}$ + $L_{p e r c e p}$ 31.21 0.883 0.931
$L_{c o n t}$ + $L_{p e r c e p}$ + $L_{a d v}$ 31.42 0.886 0.964
$L_{c o n t}$ + $L_{p e r c e p}$ + $L_{a d v}$ + $L_{T V}$ 31.67 0.897 0.993

Table 3. Average PSNR of different algorithms on Kaggle, WHU-RS19, and AID

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Table 3. Average PSNR of different algorithms on Kaggle, WHU-RS19, and AID

Dataset	Scale	Bicubic	EDSR	SRGAN	ESRGAN	Proposed algorithm
Kaggle	2	29.01	37.51	36.91	37.76	37.99
	3	26.03	33.31	32.55	33.76	34.10
	4	24.34	30.71	30.16	31.23	31.67
WHU-RS19	2	25.59	27.86	27.15	28.75	29.06
	3	24.55	26.83	25.84	27.80	28.08
	4	22.96	24.74	23.94	25.71	26.08
AID	2	25.43	29.18	28.37	29.44	29.55
	3	22.82	25.91	25.02	26.33	26.52
	4	21.34	23.89	23.18	24.35	24.63

Table 4. Average SSIM of different algorithms on Kaggle, WHU-RS19, and AID

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Table 4. Average SSIM of different algorithms on Kaggle, WHU-RS19, and AID

Dataset	Scale	Bicubic	EDSR	SRGAN	ESRGAN	Proposed algorithm
Kaggle	2	0.856	0.970	0.960	0.962	0.972
	3	0.794	0.927	0.906	0.918	0.935
	4	0.737	0.874	0.848	0.881	0.897
WHU-RS19	2	0.800	0.942	0.844	0.834	0.854
	3	0.742	0.900	0.797	0.796	0.822
	4	0.689	0.848	0.746	0.764	0.788
AID	2	0.712	0.978	0.802	0.790	0.798
	3	0.660	0.935	0.757	0.754	0.767
	4	0.613	0.881	0.708	0.724	0.736

Table 5. Average FSIM of different algorithms on Kaggle, WHU-RS19, and AID

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Table 5. Average FSIM of different algorithms on Kaggle, WHU-RS19, and AID

Dataset	Scale	Bicubic	EDSR	SRGAN	ESRGAN	Proposed algorithm
Kaggle	2	0.861	0.993	0.994	0.998	0.999
	3	0.850	0.990	0.990	0.993	0.997
	4	0.834	0.983	0.981	0.986	0.993
WHU-RS19	2	0.832	0.910	0.910	0.914	0.915
	3	0.822	0.907	0.906	0.909	0.912
	4	0.806	0.901	0.898	0.903	0.908
AID	2	0.824	0.903	0.904	0.908	0.906
	3	0.814	0.900	0.900	0.903	0.903
	4	0.798	0.894	0.892	0.897	0.899

Table 6. Running time of different algorithms on Kaggle, WHU-RS19, and AID
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Table 6. Running time of different algorithms on Kaggle, WHU-RS19, and AID
Algorithm Kaggle WHU-RS19 AID
Bicubic 128.607 40.322 58.169
EDSR 224.036 81.723 119.134
SRGAN 283.547 89.812 128.725
ESRGAN 271.077 84.853 121.321
Proposed algorithm 280.324 87.465 125.364

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Qiang Li, Xiyuan Wang, Jiawei He. Improved Algorithm for Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Remote-Sensing Images Based on Generative Adversarial Networks[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(10): 1028010

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