D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Sensor with Dual-Open-Circular Channel for Low Refractive Index Detection

Kai Yan; Wei Xu; Qingyun Chen; Chen Zhu; Wei Li

doi:10.3788/AOS241578

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 3, 0306003(2025)

D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Sensor with Dual-Open-Circular Channel for Low Refractive Index Detection

Kai Yan¹, Wei Xu², Qingyun Chen², Chen Zhu¹, and Wei Li^1,2、*

¹College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (College of Industry-Education Integration), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu , China

²College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu , China

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Figures & Tables(14)

Fig. 1. Equivalent film structure

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Fig. 2. Effects of different film thicknesses on sensitivity and minimum reflectivity when TiO₂ is used as adhesive layer. (a) Sensitivity; (b) minimum reflectivity

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Fig. 3. Structure of proposed PCF-SPR sensor. (a) Cross-sectional view; (b) mesh subdivision

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Fig. 4. Relationship between core mode and SPP mode when analyte RI is 1.25. (a) Real part of effective RI [Re(n_eff)] and loss spectrum; (b) imaginary part of effective RI [Im(n_eff)]

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Fig. 5. Electric field distributions of x and y polarization modes when analyte RI is 1.25. (a)(b) Core mode at 1610 nm; (c)(d) SPP mode at 1610 nm; (e)(f) coupling mode at 1760 nm

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Fig. 6. Influences of diameters ( $d_{1}$ , $d_{2}$ , $d_{3}$ ) and spacing of air holes $Λ$ on loss spectra when RI of analyte is 1.26 and 1.27. (a) $d_{1}$ ; (b) $d_{2}$ ; (c) $d_{3}$ ; (d) $Λ$

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Fig. 7. Influences of polishing depth $H$ , open ring radius $r$ and different film thicknesses ( $t_{T i O_{2}}$ and $t_{A u}$ ) on loss spectra when analyte RI is 1.26 and 1.27. (a) $H$ ; (b) $r$ ; (c) $t_{T i O_{2}}$ ; (d) $t_{A u}$

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Fig. 8. Resonance wavelength shifts of four structures at different TiO₂ thicknesses when analyte RI is 1.31

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Fig. 9. Loss curves of different structures when analyte RI is 1.32. (a) Without TiO₂; (b) with 10 nm TiO₂

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Fig. 10. Comparison of different structures when analyte RI is 1.31. (a) Resonance wavelength shift; (b) loss peak

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Fig. 11. Loss curves with different analyte RI. (a) 1.22‒1.27; (b) 1.28‒1.32

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Fig. 12. Fitting curves for analyte RI variation. (a) 1.22‒1.27; (b) 1.28‒1.32

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Table 1. Sensitivity varies with thickness of TiO₂ film when Au film thickness is 43 nm and 59 nm, respectively
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Table 1. Sensitivity varies with thickness of TiO₂ film when Au film thickness is 43 nm and 59 nm, respectively
Thickness of
Au /nm
Sensitivity /（nm/RIU） Maximum change /%
Without TiO₂ 5 nm TiO₂ 10 nm TiO₂ 15 nm TiO₂ 20 nm TiO₂
43 6005 5965 5930 5895 5865 -2.33
59 5590 5580 5575 5570 5560 -0.54

Table 2. Comparison between proposed sensor and formerly reported PCF sensors

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Table 2. Comparison between proposed sensor and formerly reported PCF sensors

Reference	Year	Film structure	Detection range	Maximum S_W /（nm/RIU）	Resolution /（10^-6 RIU）	F_OM /RIU^-1
Ref. ［31］	2019	ITO	1.19‒1.29	10700	9.93	—
Ref. ［32］	2020	Au	1.13‒1.35	17500	5.71	186
Ref. ［33］	2021	ITO‑graphene	1.21‒1.32	12000	8.33	—
Ref. ［34］	2022	Au	1.28‒1.32	15346	6.52	—
This work	—	TiO₂‒Au	1.22‒1.32	26700	3.75	125

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Kai Yan, Wei Xu, Qingyun Chen, Chen Zhu, Wei Li. D-Shaped Photonic Crystal Fiber Plasmonic Sensor with Dual-Open-Circular Channel for Low Refractive Index Detection[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(3): 0306003

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Paper Information

Category: Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

Received: Sep. 21, 2024

Accepted: Nov. 11, 2024

Published Online: Feb. 20, 2025

The Author Email: Li Wei (liw@njupt.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/AOS241578

CSTR:32393.14.AOS241578

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Sensitivity varies with thickness of TiO2 film when Au film thickness is 43 nm and 59 nm, respectively

Table 1. Sensitivity varies with thickness of TiO2 film when Au film thickness is 43 nm and 59 nm, respectively

Table 2. Comparison between proposed sensor and formerly reported PCF sensors

Table 2. Comparison between proposed sensor and formerly reported PCF sensors

Table 1. Sensitivity varies with thickness of TiO₂ film when Au film thickness is 43 nm and 59 nm, respectively

Table 1. Sensitivity varies with thickness of TiO₂ film when Au film thickness is 43 nm and 59 nm, respectively