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Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 59, Issue 7, 0714009(2022)

Study on Energy Coupling Model and Tooth Surface Morphology of Face Gear Surface Machined by Femtosecond Laser

Yulong Ma1, Xingzu Ming1,2、*, Songquan Jia1, Kefei Liu1, Haijun Xu2, and Binrui Fan2
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
  • 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou , Hunan 412007, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (21)
    Equations (10)
    References (27)
    Cited By (1)
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    Figures & Tables(21)
    Energy transfer process from femtosecond laser source to crystal lattice

    Fig. 1. Energy transfer process from femtosecond laser source to crystal lattice

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    Meshing of the geometric model

    Fig. 2. Meshing of the geometric model

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    Variation process of electron and lattice temperature of the face gear material

    Fig. 3. Variation process of electron and lattice temperature of the face gear material

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    Simulation convergence diagram

    Fig. 4. Simulation convergence diagram

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    Temperature distribution of the material when the laser energy is 1.025 J/cm2. (a) Electron temperature; (b) lattice temperature

    Fig. 5. Temperature distribution of the material when the laser energy is 1.025 J/cm2. (a) Electron temperature; (b) lattice temperature

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    Temperature distribution of the material when the laser energy is 5.255 J/cm2. (a) Electron temperature; (b) lattice temperature

    Fig. 6. Temperature distribution of the material when the laser energy is 5.255 J/cm2. (a) Electron temperature; (b) lattice temperature

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    Lattice temperature distribution of the material along the radial and axial directions. (a) Radial lattice temperature; (b) axial lattice temperature

    Fig. 7. Lattice temperature distribution of the material along the radial and axial directions. (a) Radial lattice temperature; (b) axial lattice temperature

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    Schematic diagram of the femtosecond laser micromachining system

    Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of the femtosecond laser micromachining system

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    Experimental sample of the face gear

    Fig. 9. Experimental sample of the face gear

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    Ablation line of materials at different energy densities. (a) Energy density is 1.025 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 5.255 J/cm2

    Fig. 10. Ablation line of materials at different energy densities. (a) Energy density is 1.025 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 5.255 J/cm2

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    Three-dimensional ultra-depth-of-field SEM images under different energy densities. (a) Energy density is 1.025 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 5.255 J/cm2

    Fig. 11. Three-dimensional ultra-depth-of-field SEM images under different energy densities. (a) Energy density is 1.025 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 5.255 J/cm2

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    SEM images at different energy densities. (a) Energy density is 1.730 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 3.845 J/cm2; (c) energy density is 4.550 J/cm2

    Fig. 12. SEM images at different energy densities. (a) Energy density is 1.730 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 3.845 J/cm2; (c) energy density is 4.550 J/cm2

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    Three-dimensional ultra-depth-of-field SEM images under different energy densities. (a) Energy density is 1.730 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 3.845 J/cm2; (c) energy density is 4.550 J/cm2

    Fig. 13. Three-dimensional ultra-depth-of-field SEM images under different energy densities. (a) Energy density is 1.730 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 3.845 J/cm2; (c) energy density is 4.550 J/cm2

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    Roughness of tooth surface of front face gear is finely machined. (a) Maximum roughness; (b) minimum roughness

    Fig. 14. Roughness of tooth surface of front face gear is finely machined. (a) Maximum roughness; (b) minimum roughness

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    Tooth surface roughness at energy densities of 1.025 J/cm2 and 1.730 J/cm2. (a) Energy density is 1.025 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 1.730 J/cm2

    Fig. 15. Tooth surface roughness at energy densities of 1.025 J/cm2 and 1.730 J/cm2. (a) Energy density is 1.025 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 1.730 J/cm2

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    Tooth surface roughness at energy densities of 3.845 J/cm2 and 4.550 J/cm2. (a) Energy density is 3.845 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 4.550 J/cm2

    Fig. 16. Tooth surface roughness at energy densities of 3.845 J/cm2 and 4.550 J/cm2. (a) Energy density is 3.845 J/cm2; (b) energy density is 4.550 J/cm2

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    Tooth surface roughness at energy density of 5.255 J/cm2

    Fig. 17. Tooth surface roughness at energy density of 5.255 J/cm2

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    • Table 1. Chemical composition of the face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA

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      Table 1. Chemical composition of the face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA

      ElementNiCrWMnSiCCuPS
      Mass fraction4.1901.4900.8900.3700.2400.1600.1000.0120.011

    • Table 2. Simulation parameters

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      Table 2. Simulation parameters

      ParameterValueParameterValue
      Electronic heat capacity Ce /（J·K-1·m-3）760.4Material conductivity σ0 /（m·Ω-1）107
      Lattice heat capacity Ci /（J·K-1·m-3）3.5×106Material density ρ /（kg·m-3）7.91×103
      Melting temperature Tm /K1724Pulsewidth τ /s300×10-15
      Evaporation temperature Tn /K3023Thermal conductivity k78.4
      Laser transmission speed c /（m·s-1）3.8×108Vacuum dielectric constant ε0 /（F·m-1）8.85×10-12
      Laser wavelength λ0 /m1.03×10-6Fermi temperature Tf /K1.28×105
      Absorption factor α /m-17.1×107Reflectivity R0.51

    • Table 3. Design parameters of the face gear

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      Table 3. Design parameters of the face gear

      Serial numberParameterValue
      1tooth number of face gear60
      2number of pinions23
      3number of insert teeth25
      4module /mm3.5
      5pressure angle /（°）20
      6tip coefficient of small gear1.00
      7tooth root coefficient of small gear1.25
      8axis intersection angle /（°）90
      9outer radius of face gear /mm120
      10inner radius of face gear /mm102.5
      11tooth width /mm17.5
      12gear helix angle /（°）0
      13total weight fit /mm1

    • Table 4. Predicted and experimental values of the face gear

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      Table 4. Predicted and experimental values of the face gear

      Power /WLaser energy /μJEnergy density /（J·cm-2）Ablation diameter D /μmAblation depth H /μm
      Predicted valueExperimental valuePredicted valueExperimental value
      1.3131.02522.5121.5360.510.498
      1.9191.73024.0721.7040.820.758
      2.7273.84537.6638.2273.223.351
      3.7374.55038.2239.0963.713.772
      5.5555.25539.6640.1474.754.832
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    Yulong Ma, Xingzu Ming, Songquan Jia, Kefei Liu, Haijun Xu, Binrui Fan. Study on Energy Coupling Model and Tooth Surface Morphology of Face Gear Surface Machined by Femtosecond Laser[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(7): 0714009

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    Paper Information

    Category: Lasers and Laser Optics

    Received: May. 27, 2021

    Accepted: Jul. 4, 2021

    Published Online: Apr. 11, 2022

    The Author Email: Xingzu Ming (mxz9036@126.com)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP202259.0714009

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology