Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Monitoring Satellite Laser Elevation Control Point Extraction and Accuracy Verification

Guoyuan Li; Jinquan Guo; Jie Chen; Jiyi Chen; Zhao Liu; Mingyuan Peng; Xiaoping Pang

doi:10.3788/AOS241293

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 6, 0628007(2025)

Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Monitoring Satellite Laser Elevation Control Point Extraction and Accuracy Verification

Guoyuan Li^1,2、*, Jinquan Guo^1,2、**, Jie Chen^1,3, Jiyi Chen¹, Zhao Liu¹, Mingyuan Peng¹, and Xiaoping Pang²

Author Affiliations

¹Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100048, China

²Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei , China

³College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

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Figures & Tables(21)

Fig. 1. Pulse width of transmit waveform. (a) Fixed gain; (b) variable gain

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Fig. 2. Background noise of transmit waveform. (a) Fixed gain; (b) variable gain

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Fig. 3. SNR of transmit waveform. (a) Fixed gain; (b) variable gain

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Fig. 4. Background noise of echo waveform. (a) Fixed gain; (b) variable gain

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Fig. 5. SNR of echo waveform. (a) Fixed gain; (b) variable gain

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Fig. 6. Experimental process of laser elevation control point extraction and verification

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Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of saturated waveform

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Fig. 8. Low SNR echo waveform

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Fig. 9. Schematic diagrams of laser error distribution of Shenyang area. (a) All laser altimetry data; (b) laser elevation control points

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Fig. 10. Schematic diagrams of laser error distribution of PA area. (a) All laser altimetry data; (b) laser elevation control points

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Fig. 11. Laser data affected by thick clouds. (a) Multi-spectral image; (b) footprint image; (c) waveform data

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Fig. 12. Saturation laser altimetry data of building area. (a) Multi-spectral image; (b) footprint image; (c) waveform data

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Fig. 13. Saturation laser altimetry data of water area. (a) Multi-spectral image; (b) footprint image; (c) waveform data

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Fig. 14. Error distributions of laser elevation control points with different ECP flags in Shenyang area. (a) ECP flag is 1; (b) ECP flag is 2; (c) ECP flag is 3

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Fig. 15. Error distributions of laser elevation control points with different ECP flags in PA area. (a) ECP flag is 1; (b) ECP flag is 2; (c) ECP flag is 3

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Table 1. Statistics of pulse width of echo waveform in Chagan Lake area

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Table 1. Statistics of pulse width of echo waveform in Chagan Lake area

Laser	Number of laser point	Fixed gain pulse width /ns		Variable gain pulse width /ns
Laser	Number of laser point	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation
Laser 1	80	11.163	0.061	11.066	0.094
Laser 2	71	10.441	0.043	10.505	0.110
Laser 3	78	10.899	0.120	11.067	0.206
Laser 4	55	10.356	0.110	10.497	0.104
Laser 5	25	11.001	0.082	11.174	0.110

Table 2. Statistics of differences in pulse width of echo waveform and transmit waveform in Chagan Lake area

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Table 2. Statistics of differences in pulse width of echo waveform and transmit waveform in Chagan Lake area

Laser	Number of laser point	Fixed gain pulse width difference /ns		Variable gain pulse width difference /ns
Laser	Number of laser point	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation
Laser 1	80	1.572	0.133	1.690	0.155
Laser 2	71	1.213	0.135	0.795	0.143
Laser 3	78	0.296	0.094	0.316	0.210
Laser 4	55	0.956	0.100	0.593	0.177
Laser 5	25	1.087	0.135	1.199	0.208

Table 3. Elevation accuracy verification results of Shenyang

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Table 3. Elevation accuracy verification results of Shenyang

Item	RMSE /m	Mean error /m	Number	Qualification rate /%
All laser points	2.410	0.099	1324	—
Laser elevation control points	0.440	-0.007	778	86.76
ECP flag is 1	0.291	-0.129	549	84.51
ECP flag is 2	0.328	-0.079	117	93.16
ECP flag is 3	0.858	0.224	112	91.96

Table 4. Elevation accuracy verification results of PA

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Table 4. Elevation accuracy verification results of PA

Item	RMSE /m	Mean error /m	Number	Qualification rate /%
All laser points	4.130	0.945	23713	—
Laser elevation control points	0.607	-0.086	6005	83.70
ECP flag is 1	0.289	-0.097	1190	81.51
ECP flag is 2	0.461	-0.136	1577	80.78
ECP flag is 3	0.739	-0.058	3238	85.88

Table 5. Analysis of the influence of screening parameters

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Table 5. Analysis of the influence of screening parameters

Screening condition	Shenyang region		PA region
Screening condition	Deletion number	Deletion rate /%	Deletion number	Deletion rate /%
DEM elevation difference	29	2.14	405	1.71
Saturation	249	18.41	117	0.05
SNR	78	5.76	2877	12.13
Number of peak	464	34.29	15760	66.46

Table 6. Comparison of DSM accuracy with and without laser elevation control points
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Table 6. Comparison of DSM accuracy with and without laser elevation control points
Type Number of ECP Number of check point Mean error /m RMSE /m
Without ECP 0 39965 10.91 11.45
With ECP 280 39965 2.62 2.27

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Guoyuan Li, Jinquan Guo, Jie Chen, Jiyi Chen, Zhao Liu, Mingyuan Peng, Xiaoping Pang. Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Monitoring Satellite Laser Elevation Control Point Extraction and Accuracy Verification[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(6): 0628007

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Paper Information

Category: Remote Sensing and Sensors

Received: Jul. 13, 2024

Accepted: Sep. 30, 2024

Published Online: Mar. 24, 2025

The Author Email: Guoyuan Li (ligy@lasac.cn), Jinquan Guo (guojinquan0516@foxmail.com)

DOI:10.3788/AOS241293

CSTR:32393.14.AOS241293

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Statistics of pulse width of echo waveform in Chagan Lake area

Table 1. Statistics of pulse width of echo waveform in Chagan Lake area

Table 2. Statistics of differences in pulse width of echo waveform and transmit waveform in Chagan Lake area

Table 2. Statistics of differences in pulse width of echo waveform and transmit waveform in Chagan Lake area

Table 3. Elevation accuracy verification results of Shenyang

Table 3. Elevation accuracy verification results of Shenyang

Table 4. Elevation accuracy verification results of PA

Table 4. Elevation accuracy verification results of PA

Table 5. Analysis of the influence of screening parameters

Table 5. Analysis of the influence of screening parameters

Table 6. Comparison of DSM accuracy with and without laser elevation control points

Table 6. Comparison of DSM accuracy with and without laser elevation control points