Detection of Food-Packaging Defects Based on Laser Speckle

Yang Chen; Xiaojing Chen; wen Shi; Zhonghao Xie; Guangzao Huang; Liang Zhao

doi:10.3788/LOP241419

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 6, 0612002(2025)

Detection of Food-Packaging Defects Based on Laser Speckle

Yang Chen^1、*, Xiaojing Chen¹, wen Shi¹, Zhonghao Xie¹, Guangzao Huang¹, and Liang Zhao²

Author Affiliations

¹College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325006, Zhejiang , China

²Zhejiang Ruisong Food Co., Ltd., Wenzhou 325200, Zhejiang , China

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Abstract Get PDF(in Chinese)

Figures & Tables(16)

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of laser speckle image acquisition system

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Fig. 2. Physical image of laser speckle image acquisition system

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Fig. 3. Instant dried fish packaging

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Fig. 4. Ordinary optical camera takes pictures of dried fish package. (a) Defect; (b) normal

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Fig. 5. Laser speckle system takes pictures of package dried fish. (a) Defect; (b) normal

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Fig. 6. Original laser speckle images. (a)‒(c) Defect; (d) normal

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Fig. 7. Laser speckle images after Gaussian filtering. (a)‒(c) Defect; (d) normal

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Fig. 8. Laser speckle image pixel histograms. (a) Original image; (d) image after Gaussian filtering

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Fig. 9. Laser speckle images after histogram equalization. (a)‒(c) Defect; (d) normal

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Fig. 10. Random forest features importance

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Fig. 11. Sample error zones. (a) Area where defect sample is misjudged; (d) area where normal sample is misjudged

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Table 1. Characteristic quantity extracted in this study

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Table 1. Characteristic quantity extracted in this study

Index	Abbreviation	Full name
1	GH_MEAN	Mean value of rayscale histogram
2	GH_VAR	Variance of grayscale histogram
3	GH_SKEWNESS	Skewness of grayscale histogram
4	GH_KURTOSIS	Kurtosis of grayscale histogram
5	ASM_MEAN	Mean value of angular second moment
6	ENT_MEAN	Mean value of entropy
7	INE_MEAN	Mean value of inertia
8	COR_MEAN	Mean value of inertia
9	ASM_SDEV	Standard deviation of angular second moment
10	ENT_SDEV	Standard deviation of entropy
11	INE_SDEV	Standard deviation of inertia
12	COR_SDEV	Standard deviation of inertia

Table 2. Comparison of results of different classification methods
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Table 2. Comparison of results of different classification methods
Method Modeling accuracy /% Forecast accuracy /%
RF 97.87 96.08
KNN 89.58 88.24
SVM 78.91 76.47
LR 77.61 75.49
LDA 77.59 74.51

Table 3. Importance scores for 12 feature quantities
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Table 3. Importance scores for 12 feature quantities
Feature Importance score
GH_MEAN 0.5644
GH_VAR 1.7547
GH_SKEWNESS 0.5193
GH_KURTOSIS 0.3470
ASM_MEAN 1.2340
ENT_MEAN 0.8315
INE_MEAN 1.1111
COR_MEAN 1.1149
ASM_SDEV 0.9467
ENT_SDEV 1.1363
INE_SDEV 0.9615
COR_SDEV 1.5173

Table 4. Classification result of selected feature quantity based on feature importance score

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Table 4. Classification result of selected feature quantity based on feature importance score

Feature	Importance score	Modeling accuracy /%	Forecast accuracy /%
GH_VAR	1.7547	82.98	81.37
ASM_MEAN	1.2340	72.62	69.61
INE_MEAN	1.1111	69.27	68.63
COR_MEAN	1.1149	64.51	63.73
ENT_SDEV	1.1363	67.01	64.67
COR_SDEV	1.5173	75.09	72.55

Table 5. Results of pairwise classification of characteristic quantities

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Table 5. Results of pairwise classification of characteristic quantities

Feature	Forecast accuracy /%
Feature	GH_VAR	ASM_MEAN	INE_MEAN	COR_MEAN	ENT_SDEV	COR_SDEV
GH_VAR	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒
ASM_MEAN	88.24	‒	‒	‒	‒	‒
INE_MEAN	94.12	87.25	‒	‒	‒	‒
COR_MEAN	84.31	91.28	83.33	‒	‒	‒
ENT_SDEV	86.27	90.20	89.22	87.25	‒	‒
COR_SDEV	86.27	89.22	93.14	84.31	94.12	‒

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Yang Chen, Xiaojing Chen, wen Shi, Zhonghao Xie, Guangzao Huang, Liang Zhao. Detection of Food-Packaging Defects Based on Laser Speckle[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(6): 0612002

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