Fig. 1. Process diagram of laser ablation cleaning

Fig. 2. Process diagram of liquid film assisted laser cleaning

Fig. 3. Process diagram of laser shockwave cleaning[14]

Fig. 4. Process diagrams of single pot laser ablation cleaning of Al-Si coating. (a) Energy coupling; (b) heat conduction; (c) plasma shielding; (d) material expulsion[15]

Fig. 5. Total emission intensity as a function of depth of processing[29]

Fig. 6. X-ray tomography of material surface. (a) Before laser cleaning; (b) after laser cleaning[32]

Fig. 7. (a) Cross-sectional morphology of material after 900 pulses of laser irradiation with a laser energy density of 6.1 J·cm-2; (b) structural diagram of cross section of sample after laser irradiation[36]

Fig. 8. X-ray photos of weld. (a) Joint without any cleaning before welding; (b) joint with laser cleaning before welding[37]

Fig. 9. Cross-sectional morphologies of material after 0.35 mJ laser treatment. (a) Carbon fiber at center of laser trajectory; (b) carbon fiber at border of laser trajectory[42]

Fig. 10. CFRP surface morphologies after excimer laser cleaning with energy density of 800 mJ·cm-2. (a) No pulse; (b) two pulses; (c) six pulses[43]

Fig. 11. AFM image of tungsten wire across oxidized and laser cleaning areas[53]