Fig. 1. Comparison of simulation of SLM ripple-angle θ of track (down) and real ripple-angle (up)^[15]

Fig. 2. Prediction of thermal stresses and distortion of SLM cantilever by coupled thermo-mechanical simulation^[17]

Fig. 3. Temperature field simulation of Fe50 alloy LCD on a 45 carbon steel base board^[21]

Fig. 4. 3D Simulation of temperature and convection velocity distribution of Ni-based alloy LCD melt pool ^[23]. (a) Temperature field; (b) heat convection velocity field

Fig. 5. Detection of SLM melt pool temperature based on high-speed camera ^[29]. (a) Two high-speed cameras coaxial to the laser beam path; (b) melt pool temperature image of a single track

Fig. 6. Detection of LCD temperature field based oninfrared camera^[32]. (a) Infrared camera and cylindrical specimens during deposition process; (b) temperature distribution image of sample and melt pool

Fig. 7. Temperature detection of LCD melt pool and track based on two-color pyrometers^[33]. (a) Schematic diagram of temperature detection; (b) temperature curve at the fixed location of the track; (c) temperature curves of the melt pool

Fig. 8. Melt pool temperature feedback control in LCD process^[46]. (a) Schematic diagram of LCD process with closed loop control; (b) 316L stainless steel turbine blades manufactured with and without control

Fig. 9. Microstructure ofAl7075 LCD samples built without and with preheating^[55]

Fig. 10. Effect of reducing thermal deform of AlSi10Mg SLM cantilevers by substrate preheating^[60]. (a) On non-preheated substrate; (b) with a preheating temperature of 200 ℃

Fig. 11. Microstructures of the deposited Stellite 1 on non-preheated and preheated substrates^[63]. (a) On non-preheated substrate; (b) on preheated substrate