Fig. 1. Effects of lupeol on colon cancer cells and NK cells. (a) Toxicity of different mass concentrations of lupeol on colon cancer cells; (b) effect of different mass concentrations of lupeol on NK cell activity; (c) killing effect of NK cells treated with different mass concentrations lupeol on colon cancer cells ; (d) effect of different mass concentrations of lupeol on the expression of IFN-γ in NK cells;(e)(f) effect of different mass concentrations of lupeol on the expression of MICA and ULBP-2 on the surface of colon cancer cells

Fig. 2. Characterization of ICG and lupeol liposomes and their composite liposomes. (a) Freezing electron microscopy characterization results; (b) characterization results of particle size distribution; (c) Zeta potential characterization results; (d) stability characterization results; (e) UV absorption spectra of liposomes; (f) high performance liquid chromatography of lupeol in liposomes

Fig. 3. Characterization of photothermal properties and photothermal induced drug release of Lip-Lupeol & ICG. (a) Temperature changes of different liposomes after light exposure; (b) freeze electron microscopy shows the rupture of the composite liposome after light exposure; (c) temperature changes shown by infrared thermal imaging images of different liposomes after different light exposure time; (d) ICG release of different liposomes after light exposure

Fig. 4. Effect of Lip-Lupeol & ICG on colon cancer cells. (a) Fluorescence spectrophotometer detection of the endocytosis of Lip-Lupeol & ICG by colon cancer cells; (b) laser confocal microscopy shows the distribution of ICG in colon cancer cells after endocytosis; (c) flow cytometry detection of the endocytosis of Lip-Lupeol & ICG by colon cancer cells; (d) ROS production of Lip-Lupeol & ICG in colon cancer cells under different light modes; (e) Lip-Lupeol & ICG’s photothermal photodynamic inhibition effect on colon cancer cells and its photoimmune synergistic inhibition effect combined with NK cells on colon cancer cells