Fig. 1. Flowchart of the algorithm

Fig. 2. Time series and classification results of AERONET AOD. (a)Beijing; (b)Hong Kong; (c)Seoul

Fig. 3. Spatial distributions of the mean of absorption coefficient σ_abs from Mie model. (a) Beijing; (b)Hong Kong; (c) Seoul

Fig. 4. Spatial distributions of particulate matter quantity in aerosol column. (a) Beijing; (b) Hong Kong; (c) Seoul

Fig. 5. Distributions of column mass and emission inventory of black carbon (BC). (a) Beijing; (b) Hong Kong; (c) Seoul

Fig. 6. Spatial distributions of column mass concentration of black carbon. (a) Beijing; (b) Hong Kong; (c) Seoul

Fig. 7. Comparison of aerosol particle size distributions between combined TROPOMI UV observation data and only AERONET observation data to constrain the results of the Mie model. (a) Beijing; (b) Hong Kong; (c) Seoul

Fig. 8. Difference distributions of absorption coefficient (ABS) between incorporated TROPOMI UV observation data and AERONET observation data only to constrain the results of Mie model (Positive value indicates that the ABS results constrained by incorporated TROPOMI observation data are smaller than those constrained by AERONET observation data only. Percentage of positive grid points: Beijing 93%, Hong Kong 88%, Seoul 98%). (a) Beijing; (b) Hong Kong; (c) Seoul