Acta Optica Sinica (Online), Volume. 1, Issue 4, 0402001(2024)
Recent Progress in Optical Hydrogen Sensing Technology (Invited)
Figures & Tables(22)
![Comparison of absorption spectra of different gases at a volume fraction of 1000×10-6 [31]. (a) Absorption spectrum of H2; (b) absorption spectra of H2O, CO2, CH4, CO, and NH3](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
Fig. 2. Comparison of absorption spectra of different gases at a volume fraction of 1000×10-6 [31]. (a) Absorption spectrum of H2; (b) absorption spectra of H2O, CO2, CH4, CO, and NH3
Fig. 3. TDLAS-based H2 sensing technology. (a) Mechanism of TDLAS-based gas sensing; (b) the first H2 sensing system based on TDLAS technique[50]
Fig. 5. Mechanism of Raman spectroscopy based H2 sensing technology
Fig. 8. Diagram of the interaction process between Pd and H2. (a) Distribution of H atoms in the Pd interstitial sites for different phases; (b) Pd hydride formation and desorption process under different H2 pressures
Fig. 9. Principle of H2 sensor based on SPR effect. (a) Mechanism of SPR H2 sensor based on metallic nanostructures; (b) schematic of direct and indirect nanoplasmonic sensing schemes
Fig. 12. Indirect Pd-based SPR H2 sensors. (a) SPR H2 sensors based on Pd nanocube‒Au nanosphere conbined structure[121]; (b) SPR H2 sensors with different Pd-Au nanodisk stacked structures[123]; (c) SPR H2 sensors based on Pd-Au core-shell structures[124]; (d) SPR H2 sensor composed of Pd film and Pd-Au nanograting structure[127]
Table 1. Performance targets in stationary and automotive H2 safety sensors[20]
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Performance targets in stationary and automotive H2 safety sensors[20]
Field Dynamic range Detection limit Response time /s Ambient temperature /℃ Power consumption /W Lifetime Stationary <4×10-2 4×10-2 30 -50‒50 3‒5 a Automotive <4×10-2 1000×10-6 1 -40‒85 <1 6000 h
Table 2. Main performance parameters of various optical H2 sensors
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Main performance parameters of various optical H2 sensors
Sensor type Active material Detection limit /10-6 Selectivity
（tested gas）
Response time /s
（Volume fraction /10-6）
Integration
level
Ref. Spectroscopy 50 Average （H2O， CO2， CH4， NH3， CO） 1 （200） Poor 50 522.02 Average （H2O， CO2） 36 （522.02） Poor 51 45 Average Poor 52 74 Poor 5 （5000） Poor 61 138.69 Poor （H2O， N2， CH4， NH3， H2S） 0.51 （138.69） Poor 62 10 Excellent （O2， CO2） 60 （10） Poor 68 1.4 Excellent （H2O， O2， N2， CH4， C2H4， C2H4， C2H2， CO， CO2） 20 （1.4） Poor 69 0.069 Excellent （CH4， O2， NO2， N2， CO， CO2， H2S， SO2） 500 （0.069） Poor 70 8.6 Excellent 10（3） Poor 71 4.7 Excellent （CH4， O2， NO2， N2， CO2） Poor 73 Excellent （CH4， C2H6， C3H8， C4H10， C5H12， C6H14） Poor 74 Excellent （CH4， O2， N2） Poor 80 Phase change Pd Good Good 97 Pd Good 30 Good 103 Pd 0.2 Good （CO， NO2） Good 110 Pd Good 5（40000） Good 111 Pd80Co20 10 Good （CO， CO2， CH4， H2O） 0.15（40000） Good 114 Pd70Au30 10 Excellent （CO， CO2， CH4， NO2） 1 （1000） Good 115 Pd70Au30 100 Good （H2O） Good 116 Pd75Au25Cu5 5‒10 Good （CO， CO2） 0.4 （40000） Good 117 Pd 10 Good <1 （2500） Good 118 Pd Good Good 120 Pd-Au Good 50 （50000） Good 123 Pd-MgF2-Au 50 Good Excellent 128 Pd 35 Good <15 （10000） Excellent 132 Y-Mg 20 Good 20 （2500） Good 138 Pd-WO3 Good （CO， CH4） Good 144 Pt-WO3 Good Good 145 Pd-WO3 50 Good 13 （500） Good 146 Pd 10 Good （CO， NH3） Good 148 Fiber Pd Good Average 160 Pd9/Ta1 Good Average 161 PdAg Good 140 （40000） Average 163 PdAu Good 37 （10200） Average 164 Pd Good Average 166 Mg70Ti30 Good Average 167 Pd81.3Au18.7 Good <15 Average 168 Pt-WO3 Good 30 （3000） Average 169 Pd2Pt-WO3 10 Good 20 （1000） Average 170 Pd Good Average 177 Pt-WO3 Good 38 （8000） Average 178 Pd Good Average 179 Pd 15 Good 12.5 （2000） Average 183 Pd-graphene 20 Good 18 （5000） Average 184 Pt-WO3 Good Average 185 Graphene-Au-Pd Good 4.3 （35000） Average 186 Pd 300 Good 5.3 （40000） Average 187 Photo-electric SnO2 <100 Good Excellent 189 Pd-SnO2 1 Good （CH4， C2H6， C3H8， C2H4， SO2， EtOH） 2.2 （200） Excellent 10 Pd-ZnO Good 11 （40000） Excellent 11 Pt 1 Good 2.8 （30000） Excellent 190
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Zikun Xia, Yucong Huang, Yongyue Huang, Long Wen, Qin Chen. Recent Progress in Optical Hydrogen Sensing Technology (Invited)[J]. Acta Optica Sinica (Online), 2024, 1(4): 0402001
Paper Information
Category: Photonic and Optoelectronic Devices
Received: Aug. 9, 2024
Accepted: Sep. 5, 2024
Published Online: Nov. 8, 2024
The Author Email: Long Wen (longwen@jnu.edu.cn), Qin Chen (cheniqn2018@jnu.edu.cn)
CSTR:32394.14.AOSOL240446
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